Instructions for Authors — Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

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Last modified August 3, 2024

Please carefully review the complete instructions for authors before submitting your manuscript to the Diabetes & Metabolism Journal. These instructions can be found athttps://e-dmj.orgorhttps://www.editorialmanager.com/dmj/.

1. ARTICLE PROCESSING CHARGES
1. RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION ETHICS
1. EDITORIAL POLICIES
1. MANUSCRIPT SUBMISSION
1. MANUSCRIPT CATEGORIES AND FORMATS
1. PEER REVIEW
1. USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
1. MANUSCRIPT PROCESSING AFTER ACCEPTANCE

The Diabetes & Metabolism Journal(International Organization for Standardization abbreviation: Diabetes Metab J; dmj) is the official publication of the Korean Diabetes Association. It is published bimonthly on the first day of January, March, May, July, September, and November. The journal’s mission is to disseminate new knowledge, contribute to the cure for diabetes mellitus, and advance diabetology by sharing the latest scientific information. Manuscripts must be written in English and prepared according to the provided guidelines. For any issues not addressed here, authors should refer to the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals (https://www.icmje.org/recommendations). The journal follows an Open-Access Journal policy, making all content freely accessible online for reading, downloading, and printing at no cost. Contact information Diabetes & Metabolism JournalEditorial Office 101-2104, Lotte Castle President, 109 Mapo-daero, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04146, Korea Tel: +82-2-714-9064 / Fax: +82-2-714-9084 Email:diabetes@kams.or.kr

An article processing charge (APC) is required for all articles accepted for publication in the Diabetes & Metabolism Journal. The standard APC is USD 1,000 for original articles, uninvited reviews, and brief reports. For industry-sponsored articles, the APC is USD 3,000. Invited reviews, editorials, and letters to the editor are exempt from APCs. Payment must be completed prior to publication. The editorial process will proceed only after the payment method has been confirmed. - The following table outlines the applicable fees by article type. The Diabetes & Metabolism Journaloffers waivers or discounts to authors from countries classified as low-income by the World Bank (https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519/) as of July in the year preceding submission. Authors requesting a waiver must contact the editorial office (diabetes@kams.or.kr) at the time of submission. To ensure editorial impartiality, editors are not informed when a waiver is granted.

Article Type	APC (USD)	Industry-Sponsored APC (USD)
Original Articles	1,000	3,000
Uninvited Reviews	1,000	3,000
Brief Reports	1,000	3,000
Invited Reviews	No charge	No charge
Editorials	No charge	No charge
Letters to the Editor	No charge	No charge

The Diabetes & Metabolism Journaladheres to the guidelines and best practices set by professional organizations, including the ICMJE Recommendations, the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) Guidelines (https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines), and the Good Publication Practice Guideline for Medical Journals (https://www.kamje.or.kr/board/view?b_name=bo_publication&bo_id=13). Additionally, all procedures for addressing research and publication misconduct will follow the applicable COPE flowcharts (https://publicationethics.org/guidance/Flowcharts).
2.1. Authorship and Contribution
1) Author qualifications According to ICMJE Recommendations, authors of a paper must meet the following criteria: (1) make substantial contributions to the conception and design of the study, or to the acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of data; (2) draft the article or critically revise it for significant intellectual content; (3) give final approval of the version to be published; and (4) agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work, ensuring that any questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. All authors should meet all four criteria. The author list should include all relevant contributors and no others, providing proper credit and accountability for each researcher’s contributions.
2) Author contributions statements Authors must include a statement at the end of the manuscript, under a section titled “Author Contributions,” specifying each author’s role and responsibilities. This requirement applies to all manuscripts, including review articles. Individuals who do not meet the four criteria mentioned above should be acknowledged in the Acknowledgments section as contributors.
3) Authorship changes Authors are advised to carefully determine the list and order of authors before submitting their manuscripts. Any changes to authorship (adding, removing, or rearranging authors) after submission must be requested through a letter to the editor, signed by all authors, and will only be implemented with the approval of the journal editor. In case of a violation, the decision of acceptance or publication may be canceled. Changes to the first author or corresponding author are not allowed after submission. Additionally, the journal will only correct authorship after publication if the error is attributable to the editorial process.
4) Role of corresponding author The corresponding author is primarily responsible for communication with the journal during the manuscript submission, peer review, and publication process. This includes ensuring that all administrative requirements, such as authorship details, ethics committee approval, clinical trial registration, and conflict of interest forms, are properly completed. The corresponding author should be available throughout the submission and peer review stages to respond promptly to editorial queries. After publication, they should be prepared to address critiques and cooperate with any journal requests for data or additional information related to the article.
5) Recommendations for collaborating with personal connections Authors planning to involve minors (under 19 years old) or family members (such as spouses, children, or relatives) in their research, whether through co-authoring papers or presentations, must clearly disclose this in the cover letter. For more details, please refer to the Guidelines for Preventing Illegitimate Authorship by the National Research Foundation of Korea (- https://cre.nrf.re.kr).
2.2. Disclosure of Conflict of Interest
Authors submitting to the Diabetes & Metabolism Journalmust declare all competing interests related to their work. Every manuscript should include a “Conflict of Interest” section at the end, listing any financial or non-financial competing interests. Financial conflicts, such as employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, and paid expert testimony, are often the most obvious. However, conflicts can also arise from personal relationships, academic competition, and intellectual passion (https://www.icmje.org/conflicts-of-interest). If there are no competing interests, the statement should read, “No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.” For studies sponsored by third parties, authors must describe the sponsor’s role in study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, report writing, and the decision to submit the manuscript. If the sponsor had no such involvement, this should be clearly stated. Additionally, potential conflicts of interest of editorial board members should also be disclosed in the manuscript.
2.3. Statement of Human and Animal Rights
All studies involving humans must adhere to the principles outlined in the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects (https://www.wma.net/what-we-do/medical-ethics/declaration-of-helsinki). For studies involving animal experiments, care and use of animals must comply with national laws and institutional regulations. The ethical treatment of all experimental animals should align with the guidelines provided by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Approval from the relevant animal ethics committee must be documented and available for submission if requested by the editors or reviewers.
2.4. Statement of Informed Consent and Institutional Review Board Approval
Research involving human subjects, material, or data must have been approved by an appropriate ethics committee. The manuscript should include a statement confirming this approval, with the name of the ethics committee and the reference number. If the study was exempt from requiring ethics approval, this should also be mentioned, including the name of the committee that granted the exemption. During the review process, the Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval document may be requested, if necessary. For all research involving human subjects, informed consent must be obtained from participants, and a statement confirming this should be included in the manuscript. Identifiable information, such as names, initials, hospital numbers, dates of birth, or other protected healthcare information, should not be disclosed. For animal studies, the manuscript should state that the experimental procedures, including breeding and use of laboratory animals, were approved by the Research Ethics Committee (REC) of the institution where the research was conducted or that they comply with the institution’s REC guidelines or the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Authors are required to retain the raw experimental data for at least 1 year after publication and should be prepared to present this data if required by the editorial board.
2.5. Registration of Clinical Trial Research
Any research involving clinical trials should be registered with a primary national clinical trial registry. This includes registries, such as the Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS; https://cris.nih.go.kr), the World Health Organization Registry Network (https://www.who.int/clinical-trials-registry-platform/network/primary-registries), or ClinicalTrials. gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov), a service of the U.S. NIH. Please ensure that the clinical trial registration number is included on the manuscript’s title page.
2.6. Originality and Duplicate Publication
Submitted manuscripts must be original and not under consideration for publication in another magazine or journal. No part of the manuscript may be published elsewhere without the editorial board’s permission. Figures and tables can be reused freely if the original source is properly credited under the Creative Commons Non-Commercial License. Authors are required to resolve any copyright issues when citing figures or tables from non-open access journals. All submissions are screened for plagiarism or duplicate publication using Similarity Check (https://www.crossref.org/services/similarity-check). If such issues are found, the journal will be notified, and appropriate penalties may be imposed on the authors, with their affiliated institutions also being informed.
2.7. Secondary Publication
Manuscripts may be republished if they meet the ICMJE’s criteria for secondary publication (https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/publishing-and-editorial-issues/overlapping-publications.html) as follows:
• Authors must obtain approval from the editors of both journals (the editor handling the secondary publication must have access to the primary version).
• The primary publication retains priority, with a publication interval agreed upon by the editors of both journals and the authors.
• The secondary publication is intended for a different audience; an abbreviated version may suffice.
• The secondary version must accurately reflect the data and interpretations of the primary version.
• The secondary version must inform readers, peers, and documenting agencies that the paper has been published elsewhere, in whole or in part (e.g., “This article is based on a study first reported in the [journal title, with full reference]”), and must cite the primary reference.
• The title of the secondary publication should indicate that it is a secondary publication (complete or abridged republication or translation) of a primary publication. Note that the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM) does not consider translations as “republications” and does not cite or index them if the original article was published in a Medline-indexed journal.
2.8. Process to Manage the Research and Publication Misconduct
The Diabetes & Metabolism Journalis a member of Similarity Check’s plagiarism detection initiative and takes all cases of publication misconduct seriously. If the editorial office identifies suspected research and publication misconduct, such as a redundant (duplicate) publication, plagiarism, data fabrication, changes in authorship, undisclosed conflicts of interest, and other ethical issues, the resolution process will follow the COPE flowcharts. Reviewers are responsible for reporting any suspected issues with a manuscript to the editor. If the investigation confirms scientific misconduct, the article will be retracted. Authors may be invited to prepare the retraction, which must be submitted with a copyright assignment statement signed by all authors. If the paper is unpublished, the editor can reject it outright. Instances of misconduct will be reported to the editorial board, and the editor may impose sanctions, notify editors of other biomedical journals, or, depending on the severity, inform the author’s institution. The journal will not hesitate to publish errata, corrigenda, clarifications, retractions, or apologies when the misconduct is confirmed.
2.9. Editorial Responsibilities
The editorial board is committed to upholding high publication ethics standards. This includes providing clear guidelines for retracting articles, preserving the integrity of academic records, prioritizing intellectual and ethical standards over commercial interests, and publishing corrections, clarifications, retractions, or apologies as needed. Editors are responsible for accepting or rejecting articles, avoiding conflicts of interest, promoting corrections or retractions when errors are identified, and preserving reviewer anonymity.
3.1. Copyright
Authors must confirm that the submitted work is original and does not infringe on existing copyrights. Upon publication, all articles become the permanent property of the Korean Diabetes Association. Each author is required to sign an authorship responsibility and copyright transfer agreement, affirming their fulfillment of authorship criteria. Following acceptance, authors must download, complete, and submit the Copyright Transfer Agreement and Disclosure of Conflict of Interest forms via the submission site. Authors are also responsible for securing written permission to reproduce any previously published material in any format, including electronic media. Copies of permission letters for such materials will need to be provided during submission. Submitted materials will only be returned upon specific request from the author.
3.2. Open-Access License
The Diabetes & Metabolism Journalis an open-access journal available free of charge. Articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0), which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Users may freely use, reproduce, disseminate, or display the open-access version of content from this journal for noncommercial purposes. For any commercial use of material from this journal, permission must be obtained from the Korean Diabetes Association (email:diabetes@kams.or.kr).
3.3. Article Sharing (Author Self-Archiving) Policy
Authors may share their research in various ways, including on preprint servers, social media, at conferences, and in educational materials, in accordance with our open-access policy. However, submitting the same manuscript to multiple journals is strictly prohibited.
3.4. Data Sharing Policy
The Diabetes & Metabolism Journalencourages data sharing wherever possible, unless ethical, privacy, or confidentiality concerns prevent it. Authors are encouraged to deposit their data in a publicly accessible repository and provide a link to the digital object identifier (DOI) within the manuscript. The journal adheres to the ICMJE Recommendations for data sharing statements (https://www.icmje.org/recommendations). Authors may also refer to the editorial, “Data Sharing Statements for Clinical Trials: A Requirement of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors,” published in the Journal of Korean Medical Science (https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2017.32.7.1051).
3.5. Archiving
The full text of articles from the Diabetes & Metabolism Journalhas been archived in PubMed Central (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/journals/1508) since 2010 (starting from volume 34), the Korea Citation Index (https://www.kci.go.kr), and the National Library of Korea (https://nl.go.kr). The journal ensures the long-term availability of its contents, even if the journal ceases publication, through these archiving platforms.
3.6. Preprint Policy
A preprint is a version of a scholarly paper that has not yet undergone formal peer review or been published in a peer reviewed journal. The Diabetes & Metabolism Journalallows authors to submit preprints without it being considered duplicate submission or publication. Authors are encouraged to disclose the preprint DOI in their cover letter during submission. If not disclosed, the preprint may be flagged by plagiarism detection tools such as Similarity Check or Copy Killer. Preprint submissions will undergo the same peer review process as regular submissions. If accepted for publication, authors should update the preprint with a link to the published article in theDiabetes & Metabolism Journal, including its DOI. It is strongly recommended that authors cite the published article in theDiabetes & Metabolism Journalrather than the preprint in future submissions to other journals.
3.7. Peer Review Policy
All submissions, including invited papers, undergo peer review. The Diabetes & Metabolism Journalemploys a doubleblind peer review process, ensuring that both authors and reviewers remain anonymous to each other, while the editor is aware of their identities throughout the process. Reviewers are chosen by the editorial board based on their expertise, publication history, and prior review performance. During the peer review process, reviewers communicate exclusively with the editor. An initial decision is typically made within 2 weeks of a reviewer agreeing to assess a manuscript. Information about the review process or editorial decision process is not published on the article page. Manuscripts submitted by editors, employees, or members of the editorial board are treated as the same as other unsolicited submissions. The authors of these manuscripts do not participate in the selection of reviewers or the decision-making process. Editors will not handle their submissions, even if commissioned. The conflict of interest statements should be included as follows: Conflicts of Interest: [Author name] has been an editorial board member of theDiabetes & Metabolism Journalsince [Year] but has no role in the decision to publish this article. No other potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article were reported.
4.1. Online Submission
All manuscripts must be submitted online through the Korean Diabetes Association’s manuscript submission system (https://www.editorialmanager.com/dmj/). The entire review and editing process is conducted via this system. Authors can track the status of their manuscript, including any questions or updates related to the review process, directly on the website. Notifications regarding changes in the manuscript’s status will be sent to both the corresponding author and the first author. Detailed submission instructions are available on the website. For any issues, please contact the editorial office.
4.2. Manuscript Preparation
Before submitting a new manuscript, please complete the Author Checklist (https://e-dmj.org/file/DMJ-checklist.pdf) and ensure that all points have been addressed. Prior to logging into the online submission system, please prepare the following documents, which will be required during electronic submission. Manuscripts must include a title page containing the following information:- • A full disclosure to the editor regarding any submissions or previous reports that might be considered redundant publications of the same or very similar work.
• A statement of any financial or other relationships that could lead to a conflict of interest.
• A declaration that the manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, that the authorship criteria outlined in this document have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest work. For more information, please refer to the “Title page” section.
5.1. General Principles
1) Manuscripts should be prepared using Microsoft Word (.doc or .docx). The entire manuscript, including the title page, abstract, main text, acknowledgments, references, tables, and figure legends, should be double-spaced with a 12-point font and 3 cm margins on all sides of A4 (21×30 cm) or U.S. letter-sized paper (8½×11 in). Page numbers should be centered at the bottom of each page, starting with the title page. 2) Abbreviations should be used only when necessary for clarity. If an abbreviation is needed due to repetition, introduce it in parentheses when the term first appears. 3) Laboratory measurements should be reported in International System of Units (SI). In certain cases, non-SI (conventional) units can also be used, but consistency in unit usage is required. 4) For the specific study design, authors should follow appropriate reporting guidelines, such as CONSORT (https://www.consort-statement.org) for randomized controlled trials, STROBE (https://www.strobe-statement.org) for observational studies, PRISMA (https://www.prisma-statement.org) for systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and CARE (https://www.care-statement.org) for case reports. Additional reporting guidelines can be found at the EQUATOR Network (https://www.equator-network.org) and U.S. NLM (https://www.nlm.nih.gov/services/research_report_guide.html).
5.2. Original Articles
Manuscripts should be organized as follows: title page, abstract with keywords, main text (introduction, methods, results, and discussion), conflicts of interest, funding information, acknowledgments, references, tables, and figure legends. Original articles should not exceed 4,000 words (excluding abstract, references, and tables or figure legends), include no more than 50 references, and contain up to six tables or figures.
1) Title page Manuscripts must include a title page with following information:- • Title: The title should be no longer than 20 English words. Capitalize the first letter of each word. Avoid acronyms unless absolutely necessary.
• Running title: Provide a short running title of fewer than 50 characters, including spaces.
• Author list and affiliations: Include the full names and institutional affiliations of all authors. For multicenter studies, indicate each author’s affiliation using superscript Arabic numbers (e.g., 1, 2, 3).
• Corresponding author: Include the name, postal code, address, and email of the corresponding author.
• Conflicts of interest: Disclose any potential conflicts of interest. If none exist, state, “No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.”
• Author contributions: Specify each author’s contribution to the manuscript using the Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT) format (https://credit.niso.org/).
• Open Researcher and Contributor ID (ORCID): Provide the ORCID IDs of the corresponding and first authors. Authors can obtain an ORCID ID by registering at https://orcid.org. This information should be included during submission but should not appear in the main text. After acceptance, this section will be published following the Discussion section.
• Funding: Detail the sources of funding that supported the work and describe the role of any sponsors or funders. If they had no role, include, “The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.”
• Acknowledgments: Mention any individuals who contributed to the study or manuscript but do not meet the criteria for authorship. If there are none, write “None.”
2) Abstract and Keyword
• The abstract should be self-contained and comprehensible without needing to refer to the main text.
• It should be concise (fewer than 250 words) and structured to clearly describe concisely the Background, Methods, Results, and Conclusion.
• Include three to ten keywords at the end of the abstract, reflecting the manuscript’s content, using MeSH terms in Medline (http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/MBrowser.html).
• Provide the clinical trial registration number at the end of the abstract.
3) Main text The main text should be organized into the following sections: Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion. Use appropriate headings and subheadings in the Methods and Results sections. References, figures, and tables must be cited numerically in the order mentioned in the text.- • Introduction: Provide context or background for the study. Clearly state the specific purpose, research objective, or hypothesis of the study. Only cite directly relevant references and avoid including data or conclusions from the current work.
• Methods: Present materials, methods, and study design in detail. Clearly describe the selection of participants (including controls), eligibility and exclusion criteria, and the source population. Use sex for biological factors and gender psychosocial, or cultural factors. Experimental methods should be detailed enough to allow replication by readers. Specify sources for any special chemicals or preparations (including the company name). Describe the statistical analysis and the criteria for determining significance. Include a statement regarding approval by an ethics committee, IRB, or similar review body, as well as the consent procedures, at the beginning of the Methods section.
• Results: Present a detailed description of the study results, organized logically. When using tables, avoid redundantly describing their contents in the main text. Instead, highlight the important trends and key points.
• Discussion: Emphasize new and significant findings. Discuss the significance and limitations of your findings, ensuring that the conclusions are directly linked to the study’s objectives. Avoid drawing conclusions that are not fully supported by the data.
4) References Authors should provide direct references to original research sources whenever possible.- • References should be listed in the order they are cited in the paper. Reference numbers should be placed in the middle or at the end of the corresponding sentences within the text. The reference list should appear at the end of the document, following the main text and acknowledgments (if applicable) and before any tables. Original articles are limited to 50 references. Reference numbers in the text should be in chronological order, in normal type, and in square brackets (e.g., “In the study by Won et al. [23] ...”).
• Authors’ names must be listed by last name followed by the initials of their first and middle names. If there are more than six authors, list the first six followed by “et al.” Include inclusive page numbers. Journal titles should be abbreviated according to the style used for Medline (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog/journals).
• Journals
1. Bae EJ, Park BH. Multiple roles of sirtuin 6 in adipose tisvi sue inflammation. Diabetes Metab J 2023;47:164-72.
1. Inzucchi SE, Maggs DG, Spollett GR, Page SL, Rife FS, Walton V, et al. Efficacy and metabolic effects of metformin and troglitazone in type II diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1998;338:867-72.
• Book and Book chapter
1. Eyre HJ, Lange DP, Morris LB. Informed decisions: the complete book of cancer diagnosis, treatment, and recovery. 2nd ed. American Cancer Society; 2002. p768.
1. Leon S, Fritz MA. Clinical gynecologic endocrinology and infertility. 7th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005. Chapter 29, Endometriosis; p1103-33.
• Online
1. Ministry for Health, Welfare and Family Affairs. The Third Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES III). Available from: https://knhanes.cdc.go.kr(updated of July 8, 2006).
1. Ministry for Health, Welfare and Family Affairs. The Third Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES III). Available from:
• Preprint
1. Arruda AL, Hartley A, Katsoula G, Smith GD, Morris AP, Zeggini E. Insights into the comorbidity between type 2 diabetes and osteoarthritis [Preprint]. Posted 2023 Mar 29. medRxiv 2023.03.28.23287861. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.03.28.23287861
1. Arruda AL, Hartley A, Katsoula G, Smith GD, Morris AP, Zeggini E. Insights into the comorbidity between type 2 diabetes and osteoarthritis [Preprint]. Posted 2023 Mar 29. medRxiv 2023.03.28.23287861.
5) Tables
• Tables should be double-spaced and placed on a separate page at the end of the document, with the table number, title, and legend positioned above the table.
• Table titles should be concise, consisting of a phrase and a clause, with the first character capitalized.
• Tables should be numbered in the order they are referenced in the main text.
• Footnotes should be listed below the table, with descriptions following the order of acronyms and symbols. Symbols should be marked with lowercase letters (e.g., a, b, c, d, e) in the order they appear.
• Avoid using unnecessary vertical lines. Horizontal lines should be minimized.
• Tables should be easy to understand.
• If a table has been previously published, acknowledge the original source and obtain written permission from the copyright holder for reproduction. Permission is required irrespective of authorship or publisher, except for documents in the public domain.
6) Figures
• Figures should be submitted separately from the manuscript text. All images, including photographs, must be of high quality, with a resolution of at least 300 dpi, and provided in JPEG, EPS, TIFF, or PICT format with RTF manuscripts, or embedded within a PDF file.
• Figures should be numbered in the order they are mentioned in the text.
• When using multiple images under the same number, label them with letters (e.g., Fig. 1A, Fig. 1B).
• Use color images when appropriate.
• Photomicrographs should include internal scale markers. Provide an explanation for the scale and indicate the staining method used in photomicrographs.
• If a figure has been previously published, acknowledge the original source and provide written permission from the copyright holder for reproduction. Permission is required irrespective of authorship or publisher, except for public domain materials.
7) Figure legends
• Use Arabic numerals to number figures in the order they mentioned in the main text.
• Describe all images and photographs in the legend using complete sentences rather than fragments or phrases.
• Footnotes below the figure should follow the order of symbols first, then acronyms. Symbols should be denoted with lowercase letters in the order of their appearance, such as a, b, c, d, e.
8) Supplemental data Nonessential tables and figures can be included as onlineonly supplemental files. Whenever possible, these files should be combined in a single document and uploaded separately during the submission process. Each file must be referenced in the main text at least once (e.g., “Supplementary Table 1”).
9) Graphical abstract A graphical abstract visually summarizes the key findings of a paper, presenting the topic in an engaging, easy-to-understand format to attract a wide audience. Highlights, presented as concise bullet points (up to five), convey the paper’s essential discoveries. Each bullet point should not exceed 85 characters, including spaces. Although submitting a graphical abstract and highlights is optional during the initial submission, they are required upon acceptance of the manuscript. Both the graphical abstract and highlights will appear in the online content and the article PDF file.
5.3. Reviews
Review articles may be written by invitation or submitted for consideration by the editorial board. Submitted review manuscripts will undergo the same review process as original research articles. Review articles should follow the instructions for original articles, including an abstract of no more than 200 words and keywords. References should not exceed 150.
5.4. Brief Reports
Brief reports aim to publish novel and significant findings from clinical and experimental studies that can be presented concisely. These manuscripts should include a short, unstructured abstract (up to 180 words), as well as sections for the Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion. The total manuscript length should not exceed 1,500 words, excluding references and the abstract. Brief reports may include up to 20 references and a maximum of two figures or tables.
5.5. Editorials
Editorials in the Diabetes & Metabolism Journalare written by invitation from the journal’s editorial board, extended to vii a senior investigators in the relevant field. The purpose of these editorials is to provide additional insights into original data presented in an article published in the journal. The number of references should not exceed 20.
5.6. Letters to the Editor
This includes critiques or opinions on manuscripts published in this journal in the past 6 months, or concise reports of novel findings or viewpoints. They do not have an abstract. Submissions are recommended to be no longer than 1,000 words, with up to 10 references and typically no more than one table or one figure. Letters to the Editor are peer reviewed and If it raise points of discussion about a recent manuscript published in the journal, the editor may invite a response from the authors of the article.
6.1. Initial Screening
Submitted manuscripts are first reviewed by manuscript editors. If they do not meet the submission criteria, they will be returned to the authors for correction and resubmission. The priority of the manuscript will then be initially assessed by the associate editors. Before undergoing peer review, all submissions are checked for plagiarism using Similarity Check, a plagiarism-screening tool. If the similarity score is too high, the editorial board will conduct a more thorough content review.
6.2. Peer Review Process
Manuscripts deemed suitable will be reviewed by two or more experts in the relevant field to assess their scientific quality. This journal employs a double-blind review process throughout. If revisions are required, the editorial board will request that the authors amend the manuscript. Authors must provide a detailed, line-by-line response to the reviewers’ comments when submitting the revised manuscript. Revisions must be received within 2 months of the editorial board’s notification. If the revised manuscript is not submitted within this period, it will be assumed that the author has decided not to pursue publication. Based on the review and revisions, the associate editor will make the final decision on the manuscript’s acceptance. If necessary, a professional statistician will conduct a statistical review.
6.3. Complains and Appeals
1) Who can file a complaint or appeal? Submitters, authors, reviewers, and readers may file complaints and appeals in cases such as: falsification, fabrication, plagiarism, duplicate publication, authorship disputes, conflicts of interest, ethical treatment of animals, informed consent issues, bias, unfair competitive practices, copyright infringement, data theft, defamation, and legal issues. Complaints or appeals should be submitted via email (diabetes@kams.or.kr), including detailed information addressing all relevant questions. 2) Who handles complaints and appeals? The editor, editorial board, or editorial office is responsible for resolving complaints and appeals. A legal consultant or ethics editor may assist in the decision-making process. 3) Possible resolution outcomes: The consequences depend on the nature and severity of the misconduct. Resolutions will follow COPE guidelines. If not described above, the process of handling complaints and appeals follows the guidelines of the COPE (https://publicationethics.org/appeals).
6.4. AI Use by Peer Reviewers
AI tools can produce outdated, nonsensical, biased, or incorrect information. Additionally, manuscripts may contain sensitive or proprietary information that should not be shared outside the peer review process. Therefore, peer reviewers are asked not to upload manuscripts into AI tools. If AI tools are used in any capacity to evaluate a manuscript, reviewers must transparently declare their use in their review reports.
7.1. Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technologies in Manuscript Preparation
The Diabetes & Metabolism Journalfollows ICMJE guidelines regarding the use of AI manuscript preparation. Traditional and generative AI, including language models, chatbots, machine learning, or similar technologies, may be used to improve the readability and language accuracy of scientific writing. However, AI tools cannot be credited as authors.
7.2. Use of AI-Generated Images
Due to unresolved legal and ethical issues, the use of AIgenerated images and videos is restricted. Consequently, AI tools are not permitted to create artwork, including book covers, commissioned content covers, or graphical abstracts.
7.3. Disclosure of AI Technologies
Authors must disclose the use of AI technologies during manuscript submission. This includes specifying the tools used, such as the model’s name, version, and manufacturer, and explaining their role in the writing process. A statement regarding AI use must be included on the title page of the manuscript. Authors must also confirm that there is no plagiarism in the AI-generated text or images. AI-generated content should not be cited as a primary source.
8.1. Final Version
Once a paper is accepted for publication, the authors should submit the final version of the manuscript. Double-check the accuracy of author names and affiliations. If the original image files were low resolution, higher-resolution files should be provided at this time. Preferred formats for photographic images are TIFF and PDF. Files containing figures should be named according to the figure number (e.g., Fig. 1. tiff). Symbols (e.g., circles, triangles, or squares), letters (e.g., words or abbreviations), and numbers should be large enough to remain legible when reduced to the journal’s column width. All symbols must be defined in the figure capviii tions. If references, tables, or figures are moved, added, or deleted during the revision process, they must be renumbered accordingly to ensure all references, tables, and figures are cited in the correct in numeric order. The editorial board may, at its discretion, request a certificate of English language editing prior to final publication.
8.2. Manuscript Corrections
Before publication, the manuscript editor will ensure the manuscript meets the standard publication format. Authors must respond within 2 working days. Delays in response may result in the publication being postponed to the next issue.
8.3. Galley Proof
After corrections have been made, an accepted manuscript will be sent to the publisher for printing. The corresponding author may revise the proof multiple times if necessary. The author should carefully check the content, title, affiliation, capitalization, figure placements, and references for accuracy. The corresponding author is responsible for any further corrections needed after printing.
8.4. Post-Publication Discussions
Post-publication discussions can take place through letters to the editor. Readers who have concerns about any published articles can submit a letter to the editor. If any errors or mistakes are found in an article, they can be corrected through an erratum, corrigendum, or retraction.
Page Path HOME> Editorial policies > Research and publication ethics
Editorial policies
1. Authorship and Contribution- 2. Disclosure of Conflict of Interest- 3. Statement of Human and Animal Rights- 4. Statement of Informed Consent and Institutional Review Board Approval- 5. Registration of Clinical Trial Research- 6. Originality and Duplicate Publication- 7. Secondary Publication- 8. Process to Manage the Research and Publication Misconduct- 9. Editorial Responsibilities
1) Author qualifications
According to International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) Recommendations, authors of a paper must meet the following criteria: (1) make substantial contributions to the conception and design of the study, or to the acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of data; (2) draft the article or critically revise it for significant intellectual content; (3) give final approval of the version to be published; and (4) agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work, ensuring that any questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. All authors should meet all four criteria. The author list should include all relevant contributors and no others, providing proper credit and accountability for each researcher’s contributions.
2) Author contributions statements
Authors must include a statement at the end of the manuscript, under a section titled “Author Contributions,” specifying each author’s role and responsibilities. This requirement applies to all manuscripts, including review articles. Individuals who do not meet the four criteria mentioned above should be acknowledged in the Acknowledgments section as contributors.
3) Authorship changes
Any changes in authorship (adding, removing, or rearranging authors) after the initial manuscript submission must be accompanied by a letter to the editor, signed by all authors. The journal will not correct authorship after publication unless it is due to an editorial error.
4) Role of corresponding author
The corresponding author is primarily responsible for communication with the journal during the manuscript submission, peer review, and publication process. This includes ensuring that all administrative requirements, such as authorship details, ethics committee approval, clinical trial registration, and conflict of interest forms, are properly completed. The corresponding author should be available throughout the submission and peer review stages to respond promptly to editorial queries. After publication, they should be prepared to address critiques and cooperate with any journal requests for data or additional information related to the article.
5) Recommendations for collaborating with personal connections
Authors planning to involve minors (under 19 years old) or family members (such as spouses, children, or relatives) in their research, whether through co-authoring papers or presentations, must clearly disclose this in the cover letter. For more details, please refer to the Guidelines for Preventing Illegitimate Authorship by the National Research Foundation of Korea (https://cre.nrf.re.kr).
Authors submitting to the Diabetes & Metabolism Journalmust declare all competing interests related to their work. Every manuscript should include a “Conflict of Interest” section at the end, listing any financial or non-financial competing interests. Financial conflicts, such as employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, and paid expert testimony, are often the most obvious. However, conflicts can also arise from personal relationships, academic competition, and intellectual passion (https://www.icmje.org/conflicts-of-interest). If there are no competing interests, the statement should read, “No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.” For studies sponsored by third parties, authors must describe the sponsor’s role in study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, report writing, and the decision to submit the manuscript. If the sponsor had no such involvement, this should be clearly stated. Additionally, potential conflicts of interest of editorial board members should also be disclosed in the manuscript.
All studies involving humans must adhere to the principles outlined in the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects (https://www.wma.net/what-we-do/medical-ethics/declaration-of-helsinki). For studies involving animal experiments, care and use of animals must comply with national laws and institutional regulations. The ethical treatment of all experimental animals should align with the guidelines provided by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Approval from the relevant animal ethics committee must be documented and available for submission if requested by the editors or reviewers.
Research involving human subjects, material, or data must have been approved by an appropriate ethics committee. The manuscript should include a statement confirming this approval, with the name of the ethics committee and the reference number. If the study was exempt from requiring ethics approval, this should also be mentioned, including the name of the committee that granted the exemption. During the review process, the Institutional Review Board approval document may be requested, if necessary. For all research involving human subjects, informed consent must be obtained from participants, and a statement confirming this should be included in the manuscript. Identifiable information, such as names, initials, hospital numbers, dates of birth, or other protected healthcare information, should not be disclosed. For animal studies, the manuscript should state that the experimental procedures, including breeding and use of laboratory animals, were approved by the Research Ethics Committee (REC) of the institution where the research was conducted or that they comply with the institution’s REC guidelines or the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Authors are required to retain the raw experimental data for at least 1 year after publication and should be prepared to present this data if required by the editorial board.
Any research involving clinical trials should be registered with a primary national clinical trial registry. This includes registries, such as the Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS; https://cris.nih.go.kr), the World Health Organization Registry Network (https://www.who.int/clinical-trials-registry-platform/network/primary-registries), or ClinicalTrials. gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov), a service of the U.S. NIH. Please ensure that the clinical trial registration number is included on the manuscript’s title page.
Submitted manuscripts must be original and not under consideration for publication in another magazine or journal. No part of the manuscript may be published elsewhere without the editorial board’s permission. Figures and tables can be reused freely if the original source is properly credited under the Creative Commons Non-Commercial License. Authors are required to resolve any copyright issues when citing figures or tables from non-open access journals. All submissions are screened for plagiarism or duplicate publication using Similarity Check (https://www.crossref.org/services/similarity-check). If such issues are found, the journal will be notified, and appropriate penalties may be imposed on the authors, with their affiliated institutions also being informed.
Manuscripts may be republished if they meet the ICMJE’s criteria for secondary publication (https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/publishing-and-editorial-issues/overlapping-publications.html) as follows:
• Authors must obtain approval from the editors of both journals (the editor handling the secondary publication must have access to the primary version).
• The primary publication retains priority, with a publication interval agreed upon by the editors of both journals and the authors.
• The secondary publication is intended for a different audience; an abbreviated version may suffice.
• The secondary version must accurately reflect the data and interpretations of the primary version.
• The secondary version must inform readers, peers, and documenting agencies that the paper has been published elsewhere, in whole or in part (e.g., “This article is based on a study first reported in the [journal title, with full reference]”), and must cite the primary reference.
• The title of the secondary publication should indicate that it is a secondary publication (complete or abridged republication or translation) of a primary publication. Note that the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM) does not consider translations as “republications” and does not cite or index them if the original article was published in a Medline-indexed journal.
The Diabetes & Metabolism Journalis a member of Similarity Check’s plagiarism detection initiative and takes all cases of publication misconduct seriously. If the editorial office identifies suspected research and publication misconduct, such as a redundant (duplicate) publication, plagiarism, data fabrication, changes in authorship, undisclosed conflicts of interest, and other ethical issues, the resolution process will follow the Committee on Publication Ethics flowcharts. Reviewers are responsible for reporting any suspected issues with a manuscript to the editor. If the investigation confirms scientific misconduct, the article will be retracted. Authors may be invited to prepare the retraction, which must be submitted with a copyright assignment statement signed by all authors. If the paper is unpublished, the editor can reject it outright. Instances of misconduct will be reported to the editorial board, and the editor may impose sanctions, notify editors of other biomedical journals, or, depending on the severity, inform the author’s institution. The journal will not hesitate to publish errata, corrigenda, clarifications, retractions, or apologies when the misconduct is confirmed.
The editorial board is committed to upholding high publication ethics standards. This includes providing clear guidelines for retracting articles, preserving the integrity of academic records, prioritizing intellectual and ethical standards over commercial interests, and publishing corrections, clarifications, retractions, or apologies as needed. Editors are responsible for accepting or rejecting articles, avoiding conflicts of interest, promoting corrections or retractions when errors are identified, and preserving reviewer anonymity.
Page Path HOME> Editorial policies > Peer review policy
All submissions, including invited papers, undergo peer review. The Diabetes & Metabolism Journal employs a double-blind peer review process, ensuring that both authors and reviewers remain anonymous to each other, while the editor is aware of their identities throughout the process. Reviewers are chosen by the editorial board based on their expertise, publication history, and prior review performance. During the peer review process, reviewers communicate exclusively with the editor. An initial decision is typically made within 2 weeks of a reviewer agreeing to assess a manuscript. Information about the review process or editorial decision process is not published on the article page. Manuscripts submitted by editors, employees, or members of the editorial board are treated as the same as other unsolicited submissions. The authors of these manuscripts do not participate in the selection of reviewers or the decision-making process. Editors will not handle their submissions, even if commissioned. The conflict of interest statements should be included as follows: Conflicts of Interest: [Author name] has been an editorial board member of the Diabetes & Metabolism Journal since [Year] but has no role in the decision to publish this article. No other potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article were reported.
1) Initial Screening
Submitted manuscripts are first reviewed by manuscript editors. If they do not meet the submission criteria, they will be returned to the authors for correction and resubmission. The priority of the manuscript will then be initially assessed by the associate editors. Before undergoing peer review, all submissions are checked for plagiarism using Similarity Check, a plagiarism-screening tool. If the similarity score is too high, the editorial board will conduct a more thorough content review.
2) Peer Review Process
Manuscripts deemed suitable will be reviewed by two or more experts in the relevant field to assess their scientific quality. This journal employs a double-blind review process throughout. If revisions are required, the editorial board will request that the authors amend the manuscript. Authors must provide a detailed, line-by-line response to the reviewers’ comments when submitting the revised manuscript. Revisions must be received within 2 months of the editorial board’s notification. If the revised manuscript is not submitted within this period, it will be assumed that the author has decided not to pursue publication. Based on the review and revisions, the associate editor will make the final decision on the manuscript’s acceptance. If necessary, a professional statistician will conduct a statistical review.
Page Path HOME> Editorial policies > Article sharing (author self-archiving) policy
Authors may share their research in various ways, including on preprint servers, social media, at conferences, and in educational materials, in accordance with our open-access policy. However, submitting the same manuscript to multiple journals is strictly prohibited.
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Original Articles

Guideline/Statement/Fact Sheet
Diabetes in Pregnancy in Korea: Prevalence, Clinical Characteristics, and Postpartum Comorbidities
Joon Ho Moon, Han Na Jung, Bongseong Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Soo Heon Kwak, Kyung-Do Han, Sung Hee Choi, on Behalf of the Committee of Public Relation of the Korean Diabetes Association Diabetes Metab J.2026;50(2):280-290. Published online March 1, 2026 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2025.1161
2,698 View
104 Download 1Web of Science
1 Crossref

Abstract[PDF]Supplementary MaterialPubReader ePub - Background Diabetes in pregnancy (DIP), encompassing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM), has limited nationwide data in Korea. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and management of DIP using representative national data.- Methods Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, we analyzed 3,451,648 delivery records from 2013 to 2023 and 1,401,233 health examination records. The prevalence of DIP according to maternal factors, management modalities, and postpartum surveillance was examined. Long-term cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk was evaluated among 3,068,834 deliveries from 2003 to 2013 using Cox regression models.- Results The prevalence of GDM and PGDM increased over the decade, reaching 12.4% and 2.1% in 2023. Both were more common with advancing maternal age, adiposity, and preexisting hypertension or dyslipidemia. Approximately 90% of women with GDM were managed by lifestyle modification alone, whereas 70% with PGDM received insulin monotherapy. Postpartum glycemic testing within 1 year increased from 32.0% to 42.9% for GDM and from 61.1% to 68.1% for PGDM between 2018 and 2022, though rates remained suboptimal. During a median follow-up of 13.4 to 16.2 years, CVD risk was significantly higher in women with GDM (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.40 to 1.55) and PGDM (aHR, 3.04; 95% CI, 2.82 to 3.28) than in those without DIP.- Conclusion The prevalence of DIP is rising in Korea, particularly among older and metabolically unhealthy women. Despite this burden, postpartum glucose surveillance remains insufficient, and DIP is linked to increased long-term cardiovascular risk, underscoring the need for improved postpartum monitoring and preventive care. Citations Citations to this article as recorded by- Machine learning‐based prediction model for adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus Jooyeop Lee, Seoung‐Ho Choi, Hyeon Ji Kim, Jee Yoon Park, Tae Jung Oh, Sung Hee Choi, Hak Chul Jang, Joon Ho Moon Journal of Diabetes Investigation.2026;[Epub]- CrossRef

Guideline/Statement/Fact Sheet
Diabetes Fact Sheet 2025: Comparative Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Obese and Non-Obese Diabetes in Korea
Jin Hwa Kim, Bongseong Kim, Se Eun Park, Seung-Hyun Ko, Sung Hee Choi, Bong Soo Cha, Kyungdo Han, Seung-Hwan Lee, on Behalf of the Committee of Public Relation and Obese Diabetes Task Force Team of the Korean Diabetes Association Diabetes Metab J.2026;50(2):267-279. Published online March 1, 2026 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2025.1160
3,399 View
138 Download
1 Crossref

Abstract[PDF]Supplementary MaterialPubReader ePub - Background The growing burden of obesity has profoundly influenced the epidemiology and phenotype of diabetes. This study aimed to compare the epidemiology and clinical features between obese and non-obese diabetes in Korean adults using nationwide database.- Methods We analyzed data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2012–2023) to evaluate the prevalence and management of diabetes, as well as associated comorbidities. Data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service were used to assess antidiabetic medication use, metabolic surgery trends, and cancer outcomes.- Results Diabetes prevalence was nearly twice as high in adults with obesity compared with those without (17.6% vs. 9.5%), with the larger difference observed in individuals aged 30 to 59 years. Obese diabetes was associated with higher rates of hypertension and dyslipidemia and lower rates of achieving glycemic, blood pressure, and lipid targets; only 21.0% achieved all three goals. Although sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and thiazolidinediones were more frequently prescribed in obese diabetes, overall use remained low. Metabolic surgery was less common in individuals with diabetes than in those without; sleeve gastrectomy predominated, while Roux-en-Y gastric bypass was performed more often in those with diabetes. Higher body mass index was associated with increased incidence of thyroid, breast, prostate, and kidney cancers.- Conclusion Obese diabetes represents a distinct, high-risk phenotype in Korea, characterized by a greater cardiometabolic burden and suboptimal risk-factor control. Comprehensive management strategies integrating weight reduction with metabolic and cardiovascular risk control are essential to improve outcomes in this population. Citations Citations to this article as recorded by- Discriminating prevalent type 2 diabetes among community-dwelling older adults with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a comparative analysis of 12 insulin resistance surrogates Xianshang Zhu, Zengrui Wang, Yan Fang, Zong Ning, Xia Yang Frontiers in Endocrinology.2026;[Epub]- CrossRef

Guideline/Statement/Fact Sheet
Diabetes Fact Sheet 2025: Special Edition on Diabetes with Obesity and in Pregnancy
Se Eun Park, Se Hee Min, Jin Hwa Kim, Seung-Hwan Lee, Han Na Jung, Joon Ho Moon, Kyungdo Han, Seung-Hyun Ko, Bong Soo Cha, Sung Hee Choi Diabetes Metab J.2026;50(2):255-266. Published online March 1, 2026 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2025.1162
3,310 View
123 Download
2 Crossref

Abstract[PDF]Supplementary MaterialPubReader ePub - Background We evaluated epidemiologic trends and clinical characteristics in Koreans with diabetes and obesity and in those with diabetes in pregnancy.- Methods We analyzed Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2012–2023) to assess obesity trends in people with diabetes and used the Korean National Health Insurance Service database (2013–2023) to evaluate diabetes in pregnancy.- Results Among Korean adults with diabetes (≥19 years), 52.4% had obesity and 61.1% had abdominal obesity. Only 39.9% achieved the glycemic target (glycosylated hemoglobin <6.5%). The obesity prevalence was higher in younger age groups, and abdominal obesity showed an upward trend over the last 12 years. Diabetes in pregnancy increased despite declining total births, with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) rising from 7.6% to 12.4%, and pregestational diabetes from 0.9% to 2.1%, reflecting older maternal age and pre-pregnancy obesity. Women with prior GDM had a higher risk of postpartum type 2 diabetes mellitus (hazard ratio, 6.07; 95% confidence interval, 5.97 to 6.17).- Conclusion Obesity and abdominal obesity are highly prevalent among Korean adults with diabetes, with abdominal obesity increasing over the past decade, and obesity disproportionately affects younger adults. Diabetes in pregnancy has also increased with older maternal age and worsening pre-pregnancy metabolic health, underscoring the need for early weight-focused prevention. Citations Citations to this article as recorded by- Diabetes Fact Sheet 2025: Comparative Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Obese and Non-Obese Diabetes in Korea Jin Hwa Kim, Bongseong Kim, Se Eun Park, Seung-Hyun Ko, Sung Hee Choi, Bong Soo Cha, Kyungdo Han, Seung-Hwan Lee Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2026; 50(2): 267.- CrossRef - Diabetes in Pregnancy in Korea: Prevalence, Clinical Characteristics, and Postpartum Comorbidities Joon Ho Moon, Han Na Jung, Bongseong Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Soo Heon Kwak, Kyung-Do Han, Sung Hee Choi Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2026; 50(2): 280.- CrossRef

Guideline/Statement/Fact Sheet
Health Effects of Sugar-Sweetened and Artificially Sweetened Beverages: Umbrella Review and Evidence-Based Consensus Statement of the Korean Diabetes Association and the Korean Nutrition Society
Jong Han Choi, SuJin Song, Soo Kyoung Kim, Jae Won Cho, Jae Hyun Bae, Shinje Moon, Jeong Hyun Lim, YeonHee Lee, Ji-Yun Hwang, YoonJu Song, Sang Soo Kim Diabetes Metab J.2026;50(1):32-46. Published online January 1, 2026 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2025.0848
8,039 View
255 Download 4Web of Science
7 Crossref

Abstract[PDF]Supplementary MaterialPubReader ePub - Background Excess intake of added sugars contributes to obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and premature mortality. Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), the main source of added sugars, are consistently linked to adverse outcomes. Artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs) have been suggested as short-term substitutes, but evidence regarding benefits and harms remains inconclusive, and guidance is lacking.- Methods This consensus statement draws on a structured evidence review combining two approaches: an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing short- to intermediate-term effects of replacing SSBs with ASBs on weight and metabolic outcomes; and an umbrella review of systematic reviews of cohort studies evaluating long-term associations of SSBs and ASBs with major outcomes, including mortality, CVD, and T2DM.- Results In 14 RCTs (3–76 weeks), replacing SSBs with ASBs produced modest reductions in body weight (–0.73 kg) and body fat (–0.72%), with inconsistent effects on glycemic and cardiometabolic markers. Evidence from 20 systematic reviews of cohorts (up to 34 years follow-up) showed that higher intake of both SSBs and ASBs was associated with increased risks of T2DM, CVD, and mortality, with relative risks for ASBs similar to those for SSBs.- Conclusion ASBs may serve as a short-term substitution for individuals with high SSB intake, particularly those at elevated metabolic risk. However, regular or long-term use is not recommended due to uncertain safety and potential reinforcement of sweet preference. Public health strategies should emphasize reducing both SSBs and ASBs, prioritizing water and unsweetened beverages as the ultimate goal. Citations Citations to this article as recorded by- Do Not Replace Your Sugar, Simply Eat Less! Jeehyun Lee, Sunghwan Suh Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2026; 50(1): 30.- CrossRef - Diabetes in Bangladesh: The Role of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Mohammad R. Monjur Bangladesh Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism.2026;[Epub]- CrossRef - Associations of lifestyle behaviors with overweight and obesity: a cross-sectional study in Shenzhen, China Shaojuan Zhao, Leyao Tang, Ni Xiong, Liping Liang, Xin Yin Wu, Chuanning Yu, Xueling Wei, Xuanzhen Wu, Wenjie Dai Frontiers in Nutrition.2026;[Epub]- CrossRef - Differential associations of beverage consumption with diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies Siyan Liu, Xuan Wang, Guojun Chao, Wei Lu, Qi Wu, Yuxin Lv, Shuangshuang Yi, Zhengzheng Wu, Jing Yan Frontiers in Medicine.2026;[Epub]- CrossRef - Sugar rationing in the first 1000 days of life and risk of frailty: evidence from a natural experiment Rui Zhang, Yuelan Gao, Hong Li, Yuhan Wei, Wanyang Zhong, Kai Tong, Zhibo Sun The Journal of nutrition, health and aging.2026; 30(7): 100883.- CrossRef - Influencing adolescents' beverage choices: An experimental study on the role of autonomy support and the availability of healthier options Roselinde L. van Nee, Ellen van Kleef, Hans C.M. van Trijp Appetite.2026; 226: 108618.- CrossRef - Factors Influencing Water and Sweet Beverage Purchasing Decisions and Behaviours Among Low-Income Households in Four Peri-Urban Communities in Accra: An Exploratory Study Christopher Delali Amegah, Gloria Adobea Odei Obeng-Amoako, Shu Wen Ng, Monica Lambon-Quayefio, Seth Adu-Afarwuah International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2026; 23(6): 799.- CrossRef

Reviews

Guideline/Statement/Fact Sheet
Bridging Evidence and Practice: A Consensus Statement from the Korean Diabetes Association on Diabetes Screening, Pharmacological Treatment and Severe Diabetes
Jong Han Choi, Shinae Kang, Soo-Kyung Kim, Won Jun Kim, Ji Min Kim, Jaehyun Bae, Jae-Seung Yun, Eonju Jeon, Young-Eun Kim, Jae Hyun Bae, Hun Jee Choe, Young Min Cho, Seung-Hyun Ko, Sang Yong Kim, Hae Jin Kim, You-Cheol Hwang, Min Kyong Moon, Suk Chon, Seon Mee Kang, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Mi Kyung Kim, You-Bin Lee, Se Hee Min, Jung Hwan Park, Woo Je Lee, Bong-Soo Cha, Byung-Wan Lee Diabetes Metab J.2025;49(6):1155-1177. Published online November 1, 2025 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2025.0978
10,878 View
333 Download 3Web of Science
5 Crossref

Abstract[PDF]Supplementary MaterialPubReader ePub - This Korean Diabetes Association (KDA) consensus statement bridges global evidence with the Korean clinical context, where large randomized and real-world data remain limited. Recommendations required ≥80% agreement by the committee of clinical practice guideline and approval by the board of directors. The statement comprises three domains: diabetes screening aligned with Korean epidemiology; pharmacologic management guided by pathophysiology and comorbidities; and a severity construct of “severe diabetes mellitus” that links complication-based staging with metabolic grading to match therapeutic intensity to disease complexity. Compared with prior KDA guidelines, this statement introduces substantive advances in three areas. First, screening recommendations are streamlined to emphasize risk-aligned, practical implementation rather than prescriptive test sequences. Second, pharmacologic management applies an individualized framework for drug selection that jointly considers pathophysiology and comorbidities. It operationalizes individualized selection by dominant pathophysiology (insulin resistance vs. insulin insufficiency) and coexisting conditions, and formalizes treatment dynamics—early combination, timely initiation of injectables, avoidance of overbasalization, and structured deintensification. It also prioritizes agents with proven cardiovascular and renal protection and elevates management of obesity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease as central goals; clinically, insulin should be initiated promptly in hypercatabolic states or suspected islet failure, and technology-enabled care—including continuous glucose monitoring and automated insulin delivery—are integral across all stages. Third, the newly introduced severity construct underpins treatment-intensity decisions across domains without reiterating prescriptive algorithms. Collectively, these recommendations provide a coherent, context-appropriate framework for diabetes screening and management in Korea and identify priorities for future evidence generation. Citations Citations to this article as recorded by- Efficacy and safety of adding a fourth oral antidiabetic drug versus metformin dose escalation in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on triple oral combination therapy (EFFORT): A 24‐week, randomized, open‐label, multicenter trial So Ra Kim, Jun Hwa Hong, Sin Gon Kim, Soo‐Kyung Kim, Hyuk‐Sang Kwon, Jun Sung Moon, Jung Hwan Park, Jae Myung Yu, Bong‐Soo Cha, Byung‐Wan Lee Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2026; 28(4): 3305.- CrossRef - Efficacy and safety of anagliptin added to metformin and empagliflozin 25 mg in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 24-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial with 28-week open-label extension Jun Sung Moon, Kyung-Ah Han, Jae Myung Yu, Jong Chul Won, Jun Goo Kang, Soojin Park, Cheol-Young Park Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2026; 236: 113272.- CrossRef - Cardiometabolic 2.0: Redefining Cardiovascular Prevention Through SGLT-2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Maria-Daniela Tanasescu, Andrei-Mihnea Rosu, Alexandru Minca, Maria-Mihaela Grigorie, Delia Timofte, Dorin Ionescu Life.2026; 16(5): 756.- CrossRef - Contemporary Type 2 Diabetes Guidelines: Converging Evidence, Diverging Strategies, and the Position of the Korean Diabetes Association Framework Suk Kyeong Kim, Dong-Lim Kim, Keeho Song, Shinae Kang, Byung-Wan Lee, Jong Han Choi Endocrinology and Metabolism.2026; 41(3): 351.- CrossRef - The effect of rapid improvement of blood glucose level on diabetic neuropathy in Korean people with diabetes mellitus Hun Jee Choe, Bo Kyung Koo, Yoon-Ho Hong, Nam Hoon Kim, Jun Sung Moon, Yong-ho Lee, Ho Chan Cho, Soo Heon Kwak, Soo Lim, Dong-Lim Kim, Tae Ho Kim, Sin Gon Kim, Min Kyong Moon Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2026; 238: 113388.- CrossRef

Guideline/Statement/Fact Sheet
Defining Severe Diabetes Mellitus: A Consensus Framework for Grading and Staging Diabetes Based on Pathophysiology and Complications
Jae Hyun Bae, Hun Jee Choe, Ye Seul Yang, Mi Hae Seo, Jong Han Choi, Gyuri Kim, Young Sang Lyu, Jeung Hun Han, Shinae Kang, Won Jun Kim, Kyung-Soo Kim, Young Min Cho, Bong Soo Cha, for the Severe Diabetes Mellitus Task Force of the Korean Diabetes Association Diabetes Metab J.2025;49(6):1141-1154. Published online October 28, 2025 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2025.0739
13,803 View
984 Download 2Web of Science
2 Crossref

Abstract[PDF]Supplementary MaterialPubReader ePub - Diabetes mellitus comprises a heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders differing in etiology, clinical course, and outcomes. Traditional classifications, such as type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, fail to capture the full heterogeneity, including variation in insulin deficiency, insulin resistance, and complication burden. To address these limitations, we propose the Diabetes Grade–Stage Classification, an integrated system that combines pathophysiology-based grading with complication-based staging. Grading quantifies metabolic dysfunction through the assessment of insulin deficiency and insulin resistance. In parallel, staging assesses the extent of target organ damage, particularly in the cardiovascular, renal, ocular, and nervous systems. Together, this framework enables a comprehensive assessment of disease status, identification of vulnerable or high-risk phenotypes, and implementation of risk-adapted management strategies. Clinically, it facilitates personalized care, promotes collaborative coordination, and strengthens physician–patient communication. Furthermore, this framework provides a scalable structure for integrating disease severity into both individual- and population-level interventions. Although the current criteria for grading and staging are based on expert consensus and selected clinical indicators, such as low C-peptide levels and advanced complications, further validation and refinement are needed. In conclusion, the grading and staging system provides an operational tool for classifying the severity of diabetes mellitus and has the potential to extend life expectancy and improve quality of life for people living with diabetes mellitus. Citations Citations to this article as recorded by- Material-driven glucose responsiveness in insulin delivery systems: carrier selection and performance Zhihan Li, Jingge Jiang, Ziyu Zhu, Cheng Luo, Chunyi Xu, Chuanpin Chen, Guoqin Ren, Ruofei Huang, Dongjuan He Frontiers in Endocrinology.2026;[Epub]- CrossRef - Bridging Evidence and Practice: A Consensus Statement from the Korean Diabetes Association on Diabetes Screening, Pharmacological Treatment and Severe Diabetes Jong Han Choi, Shinae Kang, Soo-Kyung Kim, Won Jun Kim, Ji Min Kim, Jaehyun Bae, Jae-Seung Yun, Eonju Jeon, Young-Eun Kim, Jae Hyun Bae, Hun Jee Choe, Young Min Cho, Seung-Hyun Ko, Sang Yong Kim, Hae Jin Kim, You-Cheol Hwang, Min Kyong Moon, Suk Chon, Seo Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2025; 49(6): 1155.- CrossRef

Guideline/Statement/Fact Sheet
2025 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Management in Korea: Recommendation of the Korean Diabetes Association
Shinae Kang, Seon Mee Kang, Jong Han Choi, Seung-Hyun Ko, Bo Kyung Koo, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Mi Kyung Kim, Sang Yong Kim, Soo-Kyung Kim, Young-eun Kim, Eun Sook Kim, Jae Hyeon Kim, Chong Hwa Kim, Ji Min Kim, Hae Jin Kim, Min Kyong Moon, Sun Joon Moon, Jun Sung Moon, Joon Ho Moon, Se Hee Min, Jung Hwan Park, Jaehyun Bae, Keeho Song, Ji Yoon Ahn, Jae-Seung Yun, Woo Je Lee, You-Bin Lee, Suk Chon, Eonju Jeon, Sang-Man Jin, Eugene Han, You-Cheol Hwang, Jae Hyun Bae, YoonJu Song, Jeong Hyun Lim, Jae Won Cho, Ji Yeon Choi, Yong Hee Hong, Jieun Lee, Sung Eun Kim, Ji Yun Noh, Bong-Soo Cha, Byung-Wan Lee Diabetes Metab J.2025;49(4):582-783. Published online July 1, 2025 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2025.0469
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Guideline/Statement/Fact Sheet
Prevalence, Incidence, and Metabolic Characteristics of Young Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in South Korea (2010–2020)
Ji Yoon Kim, Jiyoon Lee, Joon Ho Moon, Se Eun Park, Seung-Hyun Ko, Sung Hee Choi, Nam Hoon Kim Diabetes Metab J.2025;49(2):172-182. Published online March 1, 2025 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2024.0826
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Abstract[PDF]Supplementary MaterialPubReader ePub - Background This study aimed to examine trends in the prevalence, incidence, metabolic characteristics, and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among young adults in South Korea.- Methods Young adults with T2DM were defined as individuals aged 19 to 39 years who met the diagnostic criteria for T2DM. Data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Customized Database (2010–2020,- n=225,497–372,726) were analyzed to evaluate trends in T2DM prevalence, incidence, metabolic profiles, comorbidities, and antidiabetic drug prescription. Additional analyses were performed using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.- Results The prevalence of T2DM in young adults significantly increased from 1.02% in 2010 to 2.02% in 2020 (- P<0.001), corresponding to 372,726 patients in 2020. Over the same period, the incidence rate remained stable within the range of 0.36% to 0.45%. Prediabetes prevalence steadily increased from 15.53% to 20.92%, affecting 3.87 million individuals in 2020. The proportion of young adults with T2DM who were obese also increased, with 67.8% having a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m² and 31.6% having a BMI ≥30 kg/m² in 2020. The prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and fatty liver disease also increased, reaching 34.2%, 79.8%, and 78.9%, respectively, in 2020. Although the overall pharmacological treatment rate remained low, the prescription of antidiabetic medications with weight-reducing properties increased over the study period.- Conclusion The prevalence of T2DM among young adults in South Korea nearly doubled over the past decade. The strong association with obesity and metabolic comorbidities emphasizes the urgent need for targeted prevention and management strategies tailored to this population. Citations Citations to this article as recorded by- Association between body weight time in target range and risk of type 2 diabetes in adults with obesity Soojin Park, Seohyun Kim, Sang Ho Park, Minkyeong Kim, You-Bin Lee, Sang-Man Jin, Kyu Yeon Hur, Jae Hyeon Kim, Gyuri Kim Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome.2026;[Epub]- CrossRef - Diabetes Fact Sheet 2025: Comparative Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Obese and Non-Obese Diabetes in Korea Jin Hwa Kim, Bongseong Kim, Se Eun Park, Seung-Hyun Ko, Sung Hee Choi, Bong Soo Cha, Kyungdo Han, Seung-Hwan Lee Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2026; 50(2): 267.- CrossRef - Diabetes Fact Sheet 2025: Special Edition on Diabetes with Obesity and in Pregnancy Se Eun Park, Se Hee Min, Jin Hwa Kim, Seung-Hwan Lee, Han Na Jung, Joon Ho Moon, Kyungdo Han, Seung-Hyun Ko, Bong Soo Cha, Sung Hee Choi Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2026; 50(2): 255.- CrossRef - Temporal trends in macrovascular complications in young-onset diabetes in Korea: A nationwide population-based study Hwa Young Kim, Eunjeong Ji, Jaehyun Kim Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2026; 236: 113285.- CrossRef - Association between relative handgrip strength and glycemic control among male automobile manufacturing workers using vibration tools in South Korea Dong-Jae Seo, Hyun Joong Kim, Yongjin Kim, Jaewon Mun, Jong-Han Leem, Shin-Goo Park, Dong-Wook Lee, Hwan-Cheol Kim Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2026; 38: e14.- CrossRef - Hypertriglyceridemia in adults with diabetes mellitus in Korea: Sex, age, and lifestyle determinants Kye-Yeung Park, Sangmo Hong, Kyung-Soo Kim, Kyungdo Han, Cheol-Young Park Journal of Clinical Lipidology.2026;[Epub]- CrossRef - Remission in Young-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: Mechanisms, Intervention Strategies, and Predictive Factors 易宏邹 Advances in Clinical Medicine.2026; 16(05): 301.- CrossRef - Association of temporal MASLD with type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and mortality Eugene Han, Kyung-Do Han, Yong-ho Lee, Kyung-Soo Kim, Sangmo Hong, Jung Hwan Park, Cheol-Young Park Cardiovascular Diabetology.2025;[Epub]- CrossRef - Fenofibrate therapy and risk of heart failure outcomes in patients with Type 2 diabetes: a propensity-matched cohort study Ji Yoon Kim, Nam Hoon Kim, Jiyoon Lee, Dong-Hoon Kim, Sin Gon Kim European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy.2025; 11(7): 620.- CrossRef - Young Adults at Risk: Tackling the Surge of Early‑Onset Type 2 Diabetes in Korea Eun-Hee Cho Endocrinology and Metabolism.2025; 40(4): 542.- CrossRef - Young patients with type 2 diabetes have high relative risks for complications in a country with middle-high sociodemographic index, similarly to those countries with high index Gergő A. Molnár, Zoltán Kiss, István Wittmann Frontiers in Endocrinology.2025;[Epub]- CrossRef - Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring Versus Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose in People With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Non-Intensive Insulin Therapy in South Korea Ji Yoon Kim, Sabrina Ilham, Hamza Alshannaq, Richard F. Pollock, Martin Field, Gregory J. Norman, Sang-Man Jin, Jae Hyeon Kim Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology.2025;[Epub]- CrossRef - Can screening for albuminuria detect type 2 diabetes mellitus? Mi Kyung Kim Kidney Research and Clinical Practice.2025; 44(6): 857.- CrossRef - Association between severe acute pancreatitis and new-onset diabetes: a propensity score-matched real-world study Djibril M. Ba, Phil A. Hart, Tian Qiu, Somashekar G. Krishna, Xiang Gao, Douglas L. Leslie, David Bradley, Jennifer Maranki, Kadiyatu Fofana, Vernon M. Chinchilli, Ariana R. Pichardo-Lowden Frontiers in Endocrinology.2025;[Epub]- CrossRef

Review

Guideline/Fact Sheet
Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review and Position Statement of the Fatty Liver Research Group of the Korean Diabetes Association
Jaehyun Bae, Eugene Han, Hye Won Lee, Cheol-Young Park, Choon Hee Chung, Dae Ho Lee, Eun-Hee Cho, Eun-Jung Rhee, Ji Hee Yu, Ji Hyun Park, Ji-Cheol Bae, Jung Hwan Park, Kyung Mook Choi, Kyung-Soo Kim, Mi Hae Seo, Minyoung Lee, Nan-Hee Kim, So Hun Kim, Won-Young Lee, Woo Je Lee, Yeon-Kyung Choi, Yong-ho Lee, You-Cheol Hwang, Young Sang Lyu, Byung-Wan Lee, Bong-Soo Cha, on Behalf of the Fatty Liver Research Group of the Korean Diabetes Association Diabetes Metab J.2024;48(6):1015-1028. Published online November 1, 2024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2024.0541
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Abstract[PDF]PubReader ePub - Since the role of the liver in metabolic dysfunction, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, was demonstrated, studies on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) have shown associations between fatty liver disease and other metabolic diseases. Unlike the exclusionary diagnostic criteria of NAFLD, MAFLD diagnosis is based on the presence of metabolic dysregulation in fatty liver disease. Renaming NAFLD as MAFLD also introduced simpler diagnostic criteria. In 2023, a new nomenclature, steatotic liver disease (SLD), was proposed. Similar to MAFLD, SLD diagnosis is based on the presence of hepatic steatosis with at least one cardiometabolic dysfunction. SLD is categorized into metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), metabolic dysfunction and alcohol-related/-associated liver disease, alcoholrelated liver disease, specific etiology SLD, and cryptogenic SLD. The term MASLD has been adopted by a number of leading national and international societies due to its concise diagnostic criteria, exclusion of other concomitant liver diseases, and lack of stigmatizing terms. This article reviews the diagnostic criteria, clinical relevance, and differences among NAFLD, MAFLD, and MASLD from a diabetologist’s perspective and provides a rationale for adopting SLD/MASLD in the Fatty Liver Research Group of the Korean Diabetes Association. Citations Citations to this article as recorded by- Comparison of diagnostic criteria for fatty liver disease in assessing cardiac dysfunction: a cross-sectional study Yun Kyung Cho, Myung Jin Kim, Eun Hee Kim, Min Jung Lee, Hyo-Jung Nam, Woo Je Lee, Hong-Kyu Kim, Chang Hee Jung Hepatology International.2026; 20(1): 81.- CrossRef - Biological determinants and outcomes of sex discrepancies in MASLD Amedeo Lonardo, Mohamad Jamalinia, Ralf Weiskirchen Metabolism and Target Organ Damage.2026;[Epub]- CrossRef - Mazdutide Ameliorates Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease by Modulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Improving Lipid Metabolism and Alleviating Inflammation Liangyu Gan, Lengxin Duan, Xueyi Zheng Pharmaceuticals.2026; 19(3): 371.- CrossRef - Special Population Janus P. Ong, Hasmik Ghazinyan, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong, Yuichiro Eguchi Clinics in Liver Disease.2026; 30(2): 435.- CrossRef - Managing Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: Protocol for a Scoping Review of Patient Perceptions, Barriers, and Facilitators Sikyeong Park, Yu Shin Park, Dahye Hong, Bada Kang JMIR Research Protocols.2026; 15: e81404.- CrossRef - Association between the Zhejiang University index and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease as analyzed in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: A retrospective observational study Wei Fu, Xiaoyue Wu, Guobin Cheng, Linya Lyu, Hulin Wang Journal of International Medical Research.2026;[Epub]- CrossRef - Aqueous Extract of Siraitia grosvenorii Alleviates MAFLD by Modulating Metabolism and Maintaining Gut Homeostasis in High-Fat Diet Fed Mice Hong Li, Zhongzhen Zhao, Yiming Ding, Weixian Shao, Yu Zhou, Junxiu Li, Zailin Liang, Bin Peng, Fusheng Mo, Jiao Zheng, Shengli Wei, Yuan Zhang Foods.2026; 15(7): 1241.- CrossRef - Associations of body roundness index with steatotic liver disease and mortality from the UK biobank cohort study Jinyoung Shin, Seok-Jae Heo, Yae-Ji Lee, Yu-Jin Kwon, Ji-Won Lee BMC Gastroenterology.2026;[Epub]- CrossRef - Income Persistence and the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Jong-Ha Baek, Yong-Moon Mark Park, Benjamin C. Amick, Mario Schootman, Michael R. Thomsen, Oak-Kee Hong, Seung-Hyun Ko, Clare C. Brown, Marie-Rachelle Narcisse, Pearl A. McElfish, Seong-Su Lee, Kyungdo Han Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.2026; 35(5): 743.- CrossRef - Current Trends and Perspectives on Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis in East Asia Soo Lim, Hui Zhou, Wataru Ogawa Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome.2026; 35(2): 130.- CrossRef - DN203316, a novel PPARδ agonist, suppresses ferroptotic signaling and fibrogenesis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis Ye Jin Kim, Jina Kim, Da Young An, Mihyang Park, Gui-Hwa Jeong, Jonghwa Jin, Mi Kyung Kim, Jungwook Chin, Yeon-Kyung Choi, Keun-Gyu Park Experimental & Molecular Medicine.2026; 58(6): 1900.- CrossRef - Association between the triglyceride-glycated hemoglobin index and diabetes risk among patients with Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A longitudinal cohort study Cuimei Wei, Changchun Cao, Zengxin Xu, Gang Chen, Wenjing Liu, Miao Zhang, Haofei Hu, Shanghua Xu, Aleksandra Klisic PLOS One.2026; 21(6): e0350633.- CrossRef - Bioelectrical impedance analysis parameters are superior to liver enzymes in predicting metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in young adults Kyungchul Song, Yu-Jin Kwon, Eunju Lee, Hye Sun Lee, Young Hoon Youn, Su Jung Baik, Hana Lee, Joon Young Kim, Youngha Choi, Hyun Wook Chae Internal and Emergency Medicine.2025; 20(3): 785.- CrossRef - Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Network in the Pathogenesis of Obesity, Diabetes, Steatotic Liver Disease, and Cardiovascular Disease Joonyub Lee, Won Gun Choi, Marie Rhee, Seung-Hwan Lee Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2025; 49(3): 348.- CrossRef - SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Evolving Evidence and Clinical Application Jae Hyun Bae Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2025; 49(3): 386.- CrossRef - Association of temporal MASLD with type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and mortality Eugene Han, Kyung-Do Han, Yong-ho Lee, Kyung-Soo Kim, Sangmo Hong, Jung Hwan Park, Cheol-Young Park Cardiovascular Diabetology.2025;[Epub]- CrossRef - Development of a simple metabolic score to predict liver fibrosis risk in chronic hepatitis B patients: A retrospective cross-sectional study Li Liu, Peng Ye, Qiuping Gu, Ling Zeng, Lijuan Liang, Yingfeng Wei Journal of International Medical Research.2025;[Epub]- CrossRef - 2025 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes: Management of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Jaehyun Bae The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2025; 26(3): 172.- CrossRef - Research trends on the quality of life in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver diseases: a scientific metrology study Can Huang, Meng Chen, Yanfang Sun, Lin Zhang, Wei Liu Frontiers in Nutrition.2025;[Epub]- CrossRef

Original Article

Guideline/Fact Sheet
2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Management in Korea: Full Version Recommendation of the Korean Diabetes Association
Jun Sung Moon, Shinae Kang, Jong Han Choi, Kyung Ae Lee, Joon Ho Moon, Suk Chon, Dae Jung Kim, Hyun Jin Kim, Ji A Seo, Mee Kyoung Kim, Jeong Hyun Lim, Yoon Ju Song, Ye Seul Yang, Jae Hyeon Kim, You-Bin Lee, Junghyun Noh, Kyu Yeon Hur, Jong Suk Park, Sang Youl Rhee, Hae Jin Kim, Hyun Min Kim, Jung Hae Ko, Nam Hoon Kim, Chong Hwa Kim, Jeeyun Ahn, Tae Jung Oh, Soo-Kyung Kim, Jaehyun Kim, Eugene Han, Sang-Man Jin, Jaehyun Bae, Eonju Jeon, Ji Min Kim, Seon Mee Kang, Jung Hwan Park, Jae-Seung Yun, Bong-Soo Cha, Min Kyong Moon, Byung-Wan Lee Diabetes Metab J.2024;48(4):546-708. Published online July 26, 2024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2024.0249
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Guideline/Fact Sheet
2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Mellitus of the Korean Diabetes Association
Jong Han Choi, Kyung Ae Lee, Joon Ho Moon, Suk Chon, Dae Jung Kim, Hyun Jin Kim, Nan Hee Kim, Ji A Seo, Mee Kyoung Kim, Jeong Hyun Lim, YoonJu Song, Ye Seul Yang, Jae Hyeon Kim, You-Bin Lee, Junghyun Noh, Kyu Yeon Hur, Jong Suk Park, Sang Youl Rhee, Hae Jin Kim, Hyun Min Kim, Jung Hae Ko, Nam Hoon Kim, Chong Hwa Kim, Jeeyun Ahn, Tae Jung Oh, Soo-Kyung Kim, Jaehyun Kim, Eugene Han, Sang-Man Jin, Won Suk Choi, Min Kyong Moon, Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines, Korean Diabetes Association Diabetes Metab J.2023;47(5):575-594. Published online September 26, 2023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2023.0282
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Abstract[PDF]PubReader ePub - In May 2023, the Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Korean Diabetes Association published the revised clinical practice guidelines for Korean adults with diabetes and prediabetes. We incorporated the latest clinical research findings through a comprehensive systematic literature review and applied them in a manner suitable for the Korean population. These guidelines are designed for all healthcare providers nationwide, including physicians, diabetes experts, and certified diabetes educators who manage patients with diabetes or individuals at risk of developing diabetes. Based on recent changes in international guidelines and the results of a Korean epidemiological study, the recommended age for diabetes screening has been lowered. In collaboration with the relevant Korean medical societies, recently revised guidelines for managing hypertension and dyslipidemia in patients with diabetes have been incorporated into this guideline. 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Guideline/Fact Sheet
Diabetes Mellitus in the Elderly Adults in Korea: Based on Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2019 to 2020
Seung-Hyun Ko, Kyung Do Han, Yong-Moon Park, Jae-Seung Yun, Kyuho Kim, Jae-Hyun Bae, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Nan-Hee Kim Diabetes Metab J.2023;47(5):643-652. Published online August 7, 2023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2023.0041
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Abstract[PDF]Supplementary MaterialPubReader ePub - Background We evaluated the prevalence and management of diabetes mellitus (DM) in elderly Korean patients based on data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).- Methods A total of 3,068 adults aged 65 years and older (19.8% of total population) were analyzed using KNHANES from 2019 to 2020. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates, and comorbidities were analyzed. Lifestyle behaviors and energy intake were also measured.- Results The prevalence of DM and prediabetes was 29.6% and 50.5%, respectively. The awareness, treatment and control rates were 76.4%, 73.3%, and 28.3%, respectively. The control rate was 77.0% if A1C <7.5% criteria was used. The mean A1C value of individuals with known DM was 7.1%, and 14.5% of the known DM patients had A1C ≥8.0%. Abdominal obesity, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia were combined with DM in 63.9%, 71.7%, and 70.7%, respectively, and the rate of integrated management was 36.0% (A1C <7.5% criteria). A total of 40.1% of those with DM walked regularly. The percentage of energy intake from carbohydrates was higher in those with DM than in those without DM (- P=0.044), while those of fat (- P=0.003) and protein (- P=0.025) were lower in those with DM than in those without DM in women.- Conclusion In 2019 to 2020, three of 10 adults aged 65 years and older in Korea had DM, and approximately 70% of them had comorbidities. A strategy for more individualized comprehensive care for the elderly patients with DM is urgently needed. 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Gyeong A Kang, Ju Young Yoon Public Health Nursing.2024; 41(5): 1006.- CrossRef - Holistic and Personalized Strategies for Managing in Elderly Type 2 Diabetes Patients Jae-Seung Yun, Kyuho Kim, Yu-Bae Ahn, Kyungdo Han, Seung-Hyun Ko Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2024; 48(4): 531.- CrossRef - Association and interaction effect of shift work and the risk for obstructive sleep apnea on diabetes mellitus in middle-aged Korean workers Kyusung Kim, Hi-Ju Kim, Seunghyun Lee, Wanhyung Lee Sleep and Breathing.2024; 28(6): 2721.- CrossRef - Benefit and Safety of Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors in Older Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Ja Young Jeon, Dae Jung Kim Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2024; 48(5): 837.- CrossRef - National trends in type 2 diabetes mellitus stratified by central adiposity using waist-to-height ratio in South Korea, 2005–2022 Hyunjee Kim, Seoyoung Park, Jaeyu Park, Yejun Son, Soeun Kim, Yesol Yim, Hyesu Jo, Kyeongmin Lee, Yi Deun Jeong, Jiyeon Oh, Hanseul Cho, Damiano Pizzol, Jiyoung Hwang, Lee Smith, Dong Keon Yon Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]- CrossRef - Changes in the Epidemiological Landscape of Diabetes in South Korea: Trends in Prevalence, Incidence, and Healthcare Expenditures Kyoung Hwa Ha, Dae Jung Kim Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 39(5): 669.- CrossRef - Osteoporosis incidence and its associated factors in the older Korean population: findings from a population-based cohort study Tanmoy Das, Md Abdullah Al Jubayer Biswas, Prosanta Mondal, Sabuj Sarker, Hyun J.“June” Lim Archives of Osteoporosis.2024;[Epub]- CrossRef - Association of Uterine Leiomyoma with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Young Women: A Population-Based Cohort Study Ji-Hee Sung, Kyung-Soo Kim, Kyungdo Han, Cheol-Young Park Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2024; 48(6): 1105.- CrossRef - Socioeconomic inequalities in the prevalence, non-awareness, non-treatment, and non-control of diabetes among South Korean adults in 2021 Seongju Kim, Dong Jun Kim, Hooyeon Lee, Dong Keon Yon PLOS ONE.2024; 19(11): e0313988.- CrossRef - The Growing Challenge of Diabetes Management in an Aging Society Seung-Hwan Lee Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2023; 47(5): 630.- CrossRef

Guideline/Fact Sheet
Comparison of Operational Definition of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Based on Data from Korean National Health Insurance Service and Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Jong Ha Baek, Yong-Moon Park, Kyung Do Han, Min Kyong Moon, Jong Han Choi, Seung-Hyun Ko Diabetes Metab J.2023;47(2):201-210. Published online February 8, 2023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2022.0375
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Abstract[PDF]Supplementary MaterialPubReader ePub - Background We evaluated the validity and reliability of the operational definition of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) based on the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database.- Methods Adult subjects (≥40 years old) included in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2008 to 2017 were merged with those from the NHIS health check-up database, producing a cross-sectional dataset. We evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and agreement of the NHIS criteria for defining T2DM by comparing them with the KNHANES criteria as a standard reference.- Results In the study population (n=13,006), two algorithms were devised to determine from the NHIS dataset whether the diagnostic claim codes for T2DM were accompanied by prescription codes for anti-diabetic drugs (algorithm 1) or not (algorithm 2). Using these algorithms, the prevalence of T2DM was 14.9% (n=1,942; algorithm 1) and 20.8% (n=2,707; algorithm 2). Good reliability in defining T2DM was observed for both algorithms (Kappa index, 0.73 [algorithm 1], 0.63 [algorithm 2]). However, the accuracy (0.93 vs. 0.89) and specificity (0.96 vs. 0.90) tended to be higher for algorithm 1 than for algorithm 2. The validity (accuracy, ranging from 0.91 to 0.95) and reliability (Kappa index, ranging from 0.68 to 0.78) of defining T2DM by NHIS criteria were independent of age, sex, socioeconomic status, and accompanied hypertension or dyslipidemia.- Conclusion The operational definition of T2DM based on population-based NHIS claims data, including diagnostic codes and prescription codes, could be a valid tool to identify individuals with T2DM in the Korean population. Citations Citations to this article as recorded by- Associations between steatotic liver disease subtypes and incident diabetes in young Korean adults: A nationwide cohort study Goh Eun Chung, Su Jong Yu, Jeayeon Park, Yoon Jun Kim, Jung‐Hwan Yoon, Kyungdo Han, Eun Ju Cho Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2026; 28(3): 1947.- CrossRef - Glucose tolerance and mortality across 24 cancer types and stages: A K‐CURE Nationwide registry study Kyung‐Hun Sung, Jin Yu, Seyoon Kim, Mee Kyoung Kim, Yong‐Moon Mark Park, Kyungdo Han, Seung‐Hwan Lee Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2026; 28(3): 2051.- CrossRef - Nationwide Big Data Studies of Endocrine Diseases Using the Korean National Health Information Database: Research Trends and Standardization of Operational Definitions Sun Wook Cho, Jung Hee Kim, Kyoung Jin Kim, Beom-Jun Kim, Mee Kyoung Kim, Eun Jung Rhee Endocrinology and Metabolism.2026; 41(1): 86.- CrossRef - Long-term risk of offspring type 1 and type 2 diabetes following maternal gestational diabetes mellitus: a nationwide birth cohort study with 10-year follow-up Joon Ho Moon, Han Na Jung, Bongseong Kim, Jaehyun Kim, Young Mi Jung, Hyeon Ji Kim, Jee Yoon Park, Tae Jung Oh, Soo Heon Kwak, Kyung-Do Han, Sung Hee Choi BMC Medicine.2026;[Epub]- CrossRef - Beyond Body Mass Index: Appendicular Lean Mass Index‐Defined Sarcopenia and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome—A Cross‐Sectional Analysis Sung Ha Chun, Hyun Sik Gong Muscle & Nerve.2026; 73(6): 1032.- CrossRef - Effects of Various Anti-Diabetic Drugs on the Risk of Fractures in Older Women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Seong Hee Ahn, Kyoung Jin Kim, So Young Park, Su Jin Kwon, Ha Young Kim, Kyoung Min Kim Journal of Bone Metabolism.2026; 33(1): 50.- CrossRef - Income and risk of type 2 diabetes incidence varied associations according to obesity status: a nationwide study Jee Hee Yoo, You-Bin Lee, Ji Eun Jun, Kyu-Na Lee, Kyungdo Han BMC Public Health.2026;[Epub]- CrossRef - Income Persistence and the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Jong-Ha Baek, Yong-Moon Mark Park, Benjamin C. Amick, Mario Schootman, Michael R. Thomsen, Oak-Kee Hong, Seung-Hyun Ko, Clare C. Brown, Marie-Rachelle Narcisse, Pearl A. McElfish, Seong-Su Lee, Kyungdo Han Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.2026; 35(5): 743.- CrossRef - Impact of Early Post-Transplantation Diabetes Mellitus and Changes in Diabetic Status on Graft Failure and Mortality in Kidney Transplant Recipients Junseok Jeon, Hye Ryoun Jang, Yebin Park, Kyungho Lee, Jung Eun Lee, Kyungdo Han, Wooseong Huh Transplant International.2026;[Epub]- CrossRef - A Scoping Review of Validation Studies on Patient Selection Algorithms Using National Health Insurance Claims Data in Korea Seo-Hyun Lee, Da-Kyoung Hwang, Kyoung-Hoon Kim Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service Research.2026; 6(1): 117.- CrossRef - Time-Dependent Association Between Breast Cancer and Risk of Ischemic Stroke Yong-Moon Mark Park, Wonyoung Jung, Bong-sung Kim, Minwoo Lee, Michael G. Fradley, Sindhu J. Malapati, Tasneem Z. Naqvi, Ronda S. Henry-Tillman, Jawahar L. Mehta, Kyungdo Han, Dong Wook Shin Neurology.2026;[Epub]- CrossRef - Association Between Benzene and Other Volatile Organic Compounds Exposure and Diabetes Mellitus Among Korean Adults: Findings from the Nationwide Biomonitoring Data Seong-Uk Baek, Minseo Choi, Yu-Min Lee, Jin-Ha Yoon Exposure and Health.2025; 17(1): 153.- CrossRef - New-Onset Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Among Korean Youths During the COVID-19 Pandemic Da Hye Lee, Hwa Young Kim, Ji Young Park, Jaehyun Kim, Jae Hyeon Park JAMA Pediatrics.2025; 179(2): 155.- CrossRef - Big Data Research for Diabetes-Related Diseases Using the Korean National Health Information Database Kyung-Soo Kim, Bongseong Kim, Kyungdo Han Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2025; 49(1): 13.- CrossRef - The effect of sarpogrelate compared to aspirin in high- or very-high-risk diabetes for primary prevention Soo Hyun Kang, Kilyoon Pack, Jung Ho Kim, Youngwoo Jang Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]- CrossRef - Frequency and sequence of proteinuria positivity and clinical outcomes in patients with diabetes: A nationwide cohort study Junseok Jeon, Kyungho Lee, Jung Eun Lee, Wooseong Huh, Kyungdo Han, Hye Ryoun Jang Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2025; 27(6): 3274.- CrossRef - Association between mental disorders and suicide risk among people with type 2 diabetes Han-Sang Baek, Kyu-Na Lee, Dong Woo Kang, Jae-Seung Yun, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Kyungdo Han, Seung-Hwan Lee Journal of Affective Disorders.2025; 385: 119351.- CrossRef - Comparison of Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Osteoporosis Patients Treated with Denosumab or Alendronate: A Nationwide Cohort Study Kyoung Jin Kim, Seol A. Jang, Su Jin Kwon, Gi Hyeon Seo, Kyoung Min Kim Calcified Tissue International.2025;[Epub]- CrossRef - The impact of blood pressure and its variability on suicide mortality: a nationwide population-based study Jeongmin Lee, Jeongeun Kwak, Jin-Hyung Jung, Dong Woo Kang, Mee Kyoung Kim, Dong-Jun Lim, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Jung Min Lee, Sang-Ah Chang, Kyungdo Han, Seung-Hwan Lee Hypertension Research.2025; 48(8): 2173.- CrossRef - Intellectual developmental disability and all-cause and cause-specific mortality among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus Jun-Hyuk Lee, Yong-Moon Mark Park, Kyungdo Han, Ye-Bin Park, Bong-Seong Kim, Jin-Hyung Jung, Ga Eun Nam Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2025; 226: 112305.- CrossRef - GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Outcomes, Safety, and Body Mass Index Change in a National Cohort of Patients on Dialysis Babak J. Orandi, Yusi Chen, Yiting Li, David Charyton, Krista L. Lentine, Brian P. Lee, Nicole Ali, Mario P. DeMarco, Michael A. Weintraub, Sunjae Bae, Bonnie E. Lonze, Christine J. Ren-Fielding, Holly Lofton, Akash Gujral, Dorry L. Segev, Mara McAdams-De Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology.2025; 20(8): 1100.- CrossRef - Risk of End-Stage Kidney Disease in Individuals with Diabetes Living Alone: A Large-Scale Population-Based Study Kyunghun Sung, Jae-Seung Yun, Bongseong Kim, Hun-Sung Kim, Jae-Hyoung Cho, Yong-Moon Mark Park, Kyungdo Han, Seung-Hwan Lee Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2025; 49(4): 862.- CrossRef - Physical activity intensity and amount are inversely correlated with the risk of tuberculosis in patients with diabetes Chiwook Chung, Kyu Na Lee, Kyungdo Han, Junhee Park, Dong Wook Shin, Sei Won Lee Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]- CrossRef - Association between body mass index and survival after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation Han-Sang Baek, Jong Hyuk Lee, Joonyub Lee, Seung-Hwan Lee, Gi June Min, Sung-Soo Park, Silvia Park, Sung-Eun Lee, Byung-Sik Cho, Ki-Seong Eom, Yoo-Jin Kim, Seok Lee, Hee-Je Kim, Chang-Ki Min, Seok-Goo Cho, Jong Wook Lee, Jae-Ho Yoon The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2025; 40(4): 645.- CrossRef - 2024 Cardio-cerebrovascular disease fact sheet in Korea Kyungdo Han, Jin-Hyung Jung, Sang-Suk Choi, Seung-Hyun Ko Cardiovascular Prevention and Pharmacotherapy.2025; 7(3): 85.- CrossRef - Age and sex differences of cardiovascular and mortality risks in Korean type 2 diabetes and prediabetes: An 8 million Korean nationwide population-based cohort study Jae-Seung Yun, Jin-Hyung Jung, Bongseong Kim, Kyuho Kim, Yu-Bae Ahn, Seung Yeon Kim, Sooha Jung, Kyungdo Han, Seung-Hyun Ko Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2025; 227: 112401.- CrossRef - Utilization and Outcomes of Glucagon‐Like Peptide‐1 Receptor Agonists in Posttransplant Diabetes Mellitus in Kidney Transplant Recipients Garyn Metoyer, Harriz Z. Whiteson, Yusi Chen, Yiting Li, Chenxi Gao, Gayathri Menon, Sunjae Bae, Krista L. Lentine, Dorry L. Segev, Mara A. McAdams‐DeMarco, Babak J. Orandi Clinical Transplantation.2025;[Epub]- CrossRef - Comparison of ischemic cardiovascular events between dapagliflozin and empagliflozin in combination with metformin: A nationwide population-based cohort study Hayeon Kim, Seung Won Lee, Yejee Lim, Nayoung Han, Suin Kang, Youngjoo Byun, Kyungim Kim, Marwan Salih Al-Nimer PLOS One.2025; 20(10): e0333604.- CrossRef - Underweight and cardiovascular risk in Type 2 diabetes: a Korean nationwide study Ji-Hong Park, Kyungdo Han, Hun Jee Choe, Han Na Jang, Hyemi Kwon, Se Eun Park, Eun-Jung Rhee, Sun-Joon Moon, Won-Young Lee European Heart Journal.2025;[Epub]- CrossRef - Nationwide study of income-based disparities in diabetic limb preservation in South Korea Yoon Jae Lee, Kyung-Do Han, Jun Hyeok Kim Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]- CrossRef - Improvement in proteinuria attenuates the occurrence of venous thromboembolism: A population-based cohort study Ho Geol Woo, Tae-Jin Song Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]- CrossRef - Validation of Diagnostic Code Definitions for Identifying Patient in Korean Health Insurance Claims Data: A Scoping Review Kyoung-Hoon Kim Journal of Korean Medical Science.2025;[Epub]- CrossRef - Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in young Korean adults Junchul Ha, Oak-Kee Hong, Kyungdo Han, Hyuk-Sang Kwon Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2024; 212: 111584.- CrossRef - Association between Age at Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes and Subsequent Risk of Dementia and Its Major Subtypes Da Hea Seo, Mina Kim, Yongin Cho, Seong Hee Ahn, Seongbin Hong, So Hun Kim Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(15): 4386.- CrossRef - Gamma‐glutamyl transferase and the risk of all‐cause and disease‐specific mortality in patients with diabetes: A nationwide cohort study Goh Eun Chung, Su‐Min Jeong, Su Jong Yu, Jeong‐Ju Yoo, Yuri Cho, Kyu‐na Lee, Dong Wook Shin, Yoon Jun Kim, Jung‐Hwan Yoon, Kyungdo Han, Eun Ju Cho Journal of Diabetes.2024;[Epub]- CrossRef - Association between exercise habits and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with thyroid cancer: nationwide population-based study Jiyun Park, Jin-Hyung Jung, Hyunju Park, Young Shin Song, Soo-Kyung Kim, Yong-Wook Cho, Kyungdo Han, Kyung-Soo Kim BMC Medicine.2024;[Epub]- CrossRef - All-cause and cause-specific mortality risks in individuals with diabetes living alone: A large-scale population-based cohort study Jae-Seung Yun, Kyungdo Han, Bongseong Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Yu-Bae Ahn, Yong-Moon Mark Park, Seung-Hwan Lee Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2024; 217: 111876.- CrossRef - Association between alcohol consumption and risk of developing tuberculosis in patients with diabetes: a nationwide retrospective cohort study Chiwook Chung, Kyu Na Lee, Kyungdo Han, Junhee Park, Dong Wook Shin, Sei Won Lee Respiratory Research.2024;[Epub]- CrossRef - Validation of self-reported morbidities in the Korean Atomic Bomb Survivor Cohort Ansun Jeong, Somin Jeon, Seong-geun Moon, Mi Kyung Kim, Inah Kim, Yu-Mi Kim, Boyoung Park Epidemiology and Health.2024; 46: e2024058.- CrossRef - Risk of Cause-Specific Mortality across Glucose Spectrum in Elderly People: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study Joonyub Lee, Hun-Sung Kim, Kee-Ho Song, Soon Jib Yoo, Kyungdo Han, Seung-Hwan Lee Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(5): 525.- CrossRef

Guideline/Fact Sheet
Evaluation and Management of Patients with Diabetes and Heart Failure: A Korean Diabetes Association and Korean Society of Heart Failure Consensus Statement
Kyu-Sun Lee, Junghyun Noh, Seong-Mi Park, Kyung Mook Choi, Seok-Min Kang, Kyu-Chang Won, Hyun-Jai Cho, Min Kyong Moon, The Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines, Korean Diabetes Association and Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines, Korean Society of Heart Failure Diabetes Metab J.2023;47(1):10-26. Published online January 26, 2023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2022.0420
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Abstract[PDF]Supplementary MaterialPubReader ePub - Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for the development of heart failure. Furthermore, the prognosis of heart failure is worse in patients with diabetes mellitus than in those without it. Therefore, early diagnosis and proper management of heart failure in patients with diabetes mellitus are important. This review discusses the current criteria for diagnosis and screening tools for heart failure and the currently recommended pharmacological therapies for heart failure. We also highlight the effects of anti-diabetic medications on heart failure. Citations Citations to this article as recorded by- Concurrent diabetes and heart failure: revisiting epidemiological and clinicopathological interplay Jayagopal Pathiyil Balagopalan, Sandeep Bansal, Arpandev Bhattacharyya, Abdul Hamid Zargar, Sameer Dani, Abhijit Taraphder, Alan Almeida, Nilakshi Deka, Sanjay Jain, Onkar C. Swami Diabetology International.2026;[Epub]- CrossRef - Prevalence and clinical correlates of diabetes in hospitalized heart failure patients: a retrospective study Lingqin Li, Xinzhu Yuan, Yanni Zhang, Quanbo Zhang, Yufeng Qing Frontiers in Endocrinology.2026;[Epub]- CrossRef - The effect of SGLT2 inhibitor in patients with type 2 diabetes and atrial fibrillation Yongin Cho, Sung-Hee Shin, Min-Ae Park, Young Ju Suh, Sojeong Park, Ji-Hun Jang, Dae-Young Kim, So Hun Kim, Xinlin Zhang PLOS ONE.2025; 20(2): e0314454.- CrossRef - A Multicenter, Randomized, Open‐Label Study to Compare the Effects of Gemigliptin Add‐on or Escalation of Metformin Dose on Glycemic Control and Safety in Patients with Inadequately Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated with Metformin and SGLT‐2 Inh Hae Jin Kim, Jung Hyun Noh, Min Kyong Moon, Sung Hee Choi, Seung-Hyun Ko, Eun-Jung Rhee, Kyu Yeon Hur, In-Kyung Jeong, Mark Yorek Journal of Diabetes Research.2024;[Epub]- CrossRef - Epicardial Adipose Tissue and Heart Failure, Friend or Foe? Dong-Hyuk Cho, Seong-Mi Park Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2024; 48(3): 373.- CrossRef - Adiposity modifies the association between heart failure risk and glucose metabolic disorder in older individuals: a community-based prospective cohort study Liming Hou, Xin Wang, Peilin Li, Hua Zhang, Yanli Yao, Zhendong Liu, Juan Wang, Weike Liu Cardiovascular Diabetology.2024;[Epub]- CrossRef - Paper-based colorimetric microfluidic device for visual detection of glucose coupling different-shaped gold nanostructures with cerium oxide nanozyme Fareeha Arshad, Koo Pey Ting, Siti Nurul Azian Zakaria, Noor Faizah Mohd-Naim, Ying Woan Soon, Minhaz Uddin Ahmed Applied Materials Today.2024; 41: 102451.- CrossRef - Comparison of the effects of gemigliptin versus glimepiride on cardiac function in patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled with metformin: The gemi‐heart study Seung Min Chung, Jun Sung Moon, Jun Hwa Hong, In‐Chang Hwang, Soo Lim Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2023; 25(8): 2181.- CrossRef - Optimization of guideline-directed medical treatment for heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction Minjung Bak, Jin-Oh Choi The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2023; 38(5): 595.- CrossRef

Guideline/Fact Sheet
Lipid Management in Korean People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Korean Diabetes Association and Korean Society of Lipid and Atherosclerosis Consensus Statement
Ye Seul Yang, Hack-Lyoung Kim, Sang-Hyun Kim, Min Kyong Moon, on Behalf of Committee of Clinical Practice Guideline, Korean Diabetes Association and Clinical Practice Guideline Committee, Korean Society of Lipid and Atherosclerosis Diabetes Metab J.2023;47(1):1-9. Published online January 20, 2023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2022.0448
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Abstract[PDF]PubReader ePub - Dyslipidemia in patients with diabetes is an important treatment target as a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although the primary treatment goal for dyslipidemia is to control low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), achieving this goal remains suboptimal according to recent studies. It is important to set the target goal for LDL-C control based on an accurate risk assessment for CVD. Here, we summarize the latest evidence on lipid management in patients with diabetes and present a consensus of the Korean Diabetes Association and Korean Society of Lipid and Atherosclerosis on the treatment goals of LDL-C according to the duration of diabetes, presence of CVD, target organ damage, or major cardiovascular risk factors. In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and CVD, an LDL-C goal of <55 mg/dL and a reduction in LDL-C level by 50% or more from the baseline is recommended. For the primary prevention of CVD in patients with T2DM with a duration of diabetes ≥10 years, major cardiovascular risk factors, or target organ damage, an LDL-C goal of <70 mg/dL is recommended. In patients with T2DM with a duration of diabetes <10 years and no major cardiovascular risk factors, an LDL-C goal of <100 mg/dL is recommended. Citations Citations to this article as recorded by- Efficacy and safety of switching to ezetimibe 10 mg/rosuvastatin 2.5 mg in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia: A multicentre, prospective study (EROICA study) Sangmo Hong, Won J. Kim, Sungrae Kim, Jung H. Park, Eun S. Kang, Min K. Moon, Jae T. Kim, Ji‐Oh Mok, Ki Y. Lee, Cheol‐Young Park, Chang B. Lee Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2026; 28(2): 906.- CrossRef - Impact of Remnant Cholesterol on the Risk for End-Stage Renal Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study (Diabetes Metab J 2025;49:1106-15) Eun Roh, Ji Hye Heo, Kyung-Do Han, Jun Goo Kang Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2026; 50(1): 203.- CrossRef - Are lipid-lowering therapies used according to the guidelines?: A real-world retrospective study of 1001 patients with type 2 diabetes Muhammet Fatih Şahin, Ali Erol, Gökhan Bayrak, Ali Şahin Medicine.2026; 105(4): e47360.- CrossRef - Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction Models in China, Japan, and Korea Patricia K. Nguyen, Dong Zhao, Tomonori Okamura, Hyeon Chang Kim, Nathan D. Wong, Eugene Yang JACC: Asia.2025; 5(3): 333.- CrossRef - The Impact of Ketogenic Capacity on Lipid Profile in Individuals with Prediabetes or Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Jaehyun Bae, Minyoung Lee, Yong-ho Lee, Sang-Guk Lee, Byung-Wan Lee International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(17): 8566.- CrossRef - 2025 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes: Cardiovascular Risk Management Hae Jin Kim The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2025; 26(3): 164.- CrossRef - Managing dyslipidemia in chronic kidney disease: a comprehensive overview of evidence and recommendations Ji Yoon Kim, Suk Min Chung, Nam Hoon Kim The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2025; 40(6): 876.- CrossRef - Associations of omega-3 fatty acids vs. fenofibrate with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in people with metabolic syndrome: propensity matched cohort study Nam Hoon Kim, Ji Yoon Kim, Jimi Choi, Sin Gon Kim European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy.2024; 10(2): 118.- CrossRef - Clinical Characteristics of Patients With Statin Discontinuation in Korea: A Nationwide Population-Based Study Kyung-Soo Kim, Sangmo Hong, Kyungdo Han, Cheol-Young Park Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis.2024; 13(1): 41.- CrossRef - Role of Fenofibrate Use in Dyslipidemia and Related Comorbidities in the Asian Population: A Narrative Review Chaicharn Deerochanawong, Sin Gon Kim, Yu-Cheng Chang Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2024; 48(2): 184.- CrossRef - Fenofibrate’s impact on cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes: a nationwide propensity-score matched cohort study Sangmo Hong, Kyung-Soo Kim, Kyungdo Han, Cheol-Young Park Cardiovascular Diabetology.2024;[Epub]- CrossRef - The mediating effect of TyG and its derived indices in the association between OSAHS and atherosclerosis in patients with T2DM Ling Ding, Xiaohong Jiang Sleep and Breathing.2024; 28(6): 2469.- CrossRef - Fenofibrate to prevent amputation and reduce vascular complications in patients with diabetes: FENO-PREVENT Eu Jeong Ku, Bongseong Kim, Kyungdo Han, Seung-Hwan Lee, Hyuk-Sang Kwon Cardiovascular Diabetology.2024;[Epub]- CrossRef - Dyslipidemia Fact Sheet in South Korea, 2022 Eun-Sun Jin, Jee-Seon Shim, Sung Eun Kim, Jae Hyun Bae, Shinae Kang, Jong Chul Won, Min-Jeong Shin, Heung Yong Jin, Jenny Moon, Hokyou Lee, Hyeon Chang Kim, In-Kyung Jeong Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2023; 47(5): 632.- CrossRef - 2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Min Kyong Moon The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2023; 24(3): 120.- CrossRef - 2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Mellitus of the Korean Diabetes Association Jong Han Choi, Kyung Ae Lee, Joon Ho Moon, Suk Chon, Dae Jung Kim, Hyun Jin Kim, Nan Hee Kim, Ji A Seo, Mee Kyoung Kim, Jeong Hyun Lim, YoonJu Song, Ye Seul Yang, Jae Hyeon Kim, You-Bin Lee, Junghyun Noh, Kyu Yeon Hur, Jong Suk Park, Sang Youl Rhee, Hae J Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2023; 47(5): 575.- CrossRef - Management of Dyslipidemia in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Kyung Ae Lee The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2023; 24(3): 111.- CrossRef - 2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes: Management of Cardiovascular Risk Factors Ye Seul Yang The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2023; 24(3): 135.- CrossRef - Dyslipidemia Fact Sheet in South Korea, 2022 Eun-Sun Jin, Jee-Seon Shim, Sung Eun Kim, Jae Hyun Bae, Shinae Kang, Jong Chul Won, Min-Jeong Shin, Heung Yong Jin, Jenny Moon, Hokyou Lee, Hyeon Chang Kim, In-Kyung Jeong Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis.2023; 12(3): 237.- CrossRef

Guideline/Fact Sheet
Screening for Prediabetes and Diabetes in Korean Nonpregnant Adults: A Position Statement of the Korean Diabetes Association, 2022
Kyung Ae Lee, Dae Jung Kim, Kyungdo Han, Suk Chon, Min Kyong Moon, on Behalf of the Committee of Clinical Practice Guideline of Korean Diabetes Association Diabetes Metab J.2022;46(6):819-826. Published online November 24, 2022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2022.0364
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Abstract[PDF]PubReader ePub - Diabetes screening serves to identify individuals at high-risk for diabetes who have not yet developed symptoms and to diagnose diabetes at an early stage. Globally, the prevalence of diabetes is rapidly increasing. Furthermore, obesity and/or abdominal obesity, which are major risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), are progressively increasing, particularly among young adults. Many patients with T2DM are asymptomatic and can accompany various complications at the time of diagnosis, as well as chronic complications develop as the duration of diabetes increases. Thus, proper screening and early diagnosis are essential for diabetes care. Based on reports on the changing epidemiology of diabetes and obesity in Korea, as well as growing evidence from new national cohort studies on diabetes screening, the Korean Diabetes Association has updated its clinical practice recommendations regarding T2DM screening. Diabetes screening is now recommended in adults aged ≥35 years regardless of the presence of risk factors, and in all adults (aged ≥19) with any of the risk factors. Abdominal obesity based on waist circumference (men ≥90 cm, women ≥85 cm) was added to the list of risk factors. Citations Citations to this article as recorded by- Sarcopenic obesity increases the risk of falls in early-onset type 2 diabetes Xiaoyuan Chen, Yongze Zhang, Biao Zheng, Ximei Shen, Lingning Huang, Fengying Zhao, Sunjie Yan Journal of Endocrinological Investigation.2026; 49(6): 1359.- CrossRef - A correlation analysis between TyG-derived indices and diabetes mellitus: based on the NHANES database Xiaohua Yang, Zhuojing Cheng, Ting Sun Endocrine Journal.2026; 73(2): 205.- CrossRef - Graves’ Disease and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Korean Population-Based Study Yoon Young Cho, Bongseong Kim, Sang-Man Jin, Chan-Hee Jung, Ji Oh Mok, Sun Wook Kim, Jae Hoon Chung, Kyung-Do Han, Tae Hyuk Kim Thyroid®.2025; 35(1): 60.- CrossRef - Workplace‐based continuous glucose monitoring with structured education for pre‐diabetes and type 2 diabetes: A prospective community cohort study Ji‐Hee Ko, Sun‐Joon Moon, Ramzi A. Ajjan, Mi Yeon Lee, Hae‐Jeong Lee, Boram Choi, JiYeon Park, Seung‐Eun Lee, Jae‐Hyeon Kang, Cheol‐Young Park Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2025; 27(6): 2996.- CrossRef - Longitudinal insights into the natural history of Type 2 diabetes among Koreans: A 20‐year community‐based prospective cohort study Wonsuk Choi, Joon Ho Moon, Hun Jee Choe, Howard H. Chang, Dimple Kondal, K. M. Venkat Narayan, Nam H. Cho Journal of Internal Medicine.2025; 298(4): 336.- CrossRef - Oxidative Balance Score and New-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Korean Adults without Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study-Health Examinees (KoGES-HEXA) Cohort Mid-Eum Moon, Dong Hyuk Jung, Seok-Jae Heo, Byoungjin Park, Yong Jae Lee Antioxidants.2024; 13(1): 107.- CrossRef - Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Semaglutide Versus Once-Daily Sitagliptin as Metformin Add-on in a Korean Population with Type 2 Diabetes Byung-Wan Lee, Young Min Cho, Sin Gon Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Soo Lim, Amine Dahaoui, Jin Sook Jeong, Hyo Jin Lim, Jae Myung Yu Diabetes Therapy.2024; 15(2): 547.- CrossRef - Triglyceride-glucose index predicts type 2 diabetes mellitus more effectively than oral glucose tolerance test-derived insulin sensitivity and secretion markers Min Jin Lee, Ji Hyun Bae, Ah Reum Khang, Dongwon Yi, Mi Sook Yun, Yang Ho Kang Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2024; 210: 111640.- CrossRef - Association of sleep fragmentation with general and abdominal obesity: a population-based longitudinal study Yu-xiang Xu, Shan-shan Wang, Yu-hui Wan, Pu-yu Su, Fang-biao Tao, Ying Sun International Journal of Obesity.2024; 48(9): 1258.- CrossRef - Oxidative balance score as a useful predictive marker for new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus in Korean adults aged 60 years or older: The Korean Genome and Epidemiologic Study–Health Examination (KoGES-HEXA) cohort Mid-Eum Moon, Dong Hyuk Jung, Seok-Jae Heo, Byoungjin Park, Yong Jae Lee Experimental Gerontology.2024; 193: 112475.- CrossRef - The optimal dose of metformin to control conversion to diabetes in patients with prediabetes: A meta-analysis Xiaoyan Yi, Yongliang Pan, Huan Peng, Mengru Ren, Qin Jia, Bing Wang Journal of Diabetes and its Complications.2024; 38(10): 108846.- CrossRef - Changes in the Epidemiological Landscape of Diabetes in South Korea: Trends in Prevalence, Incidence, and Healthcare Expenditures Kyoung Hwa Ha, Dae Jung Kim Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 39(5): 669.- CrossRef - Development and validation of machine learning models to predict prediabetes using dietary intake data in young adults in Korea: a cross-sectional study Myoung-Lyun Heo Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2024; 26(4): 300.- CrossRef - Cumulative muscle strength and risk of diabetes: A prospective cohort study with mediation analysis Shanhu Qiu, Xue Cai, Yan Liang, Wenji Chen, Duolao Wang, Zilin Sun, Bo Xie, Tongzhi Wu Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2023; 197: 110562.- CrossRef - Revisiting the Diabetes Crisis in Korea: Call for Urgent Action Jun Sung Moon The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2023; 24(1): 1.- CrossRef - 2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Mellitus of the Korean Diabetes Association Jong Han Choi, Kyung Ae Lee, Joon Ho Moon, Suk Chon, Dae Jung Kim, Hyun Jin Kim, Nan Hee Kim, Ji A Seo, Mee Kyoung Kim, Jeong Hyun Lim, YoonJu Song, Ye Seul Yang, Jae Hyeon Kim, You-Bin Lee, Junghyun Noh, Kyu Yeon Hur, Jong Suk Park, Sang Youl Rhee, Hae J Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2023; 47(5): 575.- CrossRef - 2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Min Kyong Moon The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2023; 24(3): 120.- CrossRef

Guideline/Fact Sheet
Comprehensive Understanding for Application in Korean Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus of the Consensus Statement on Carbohydrate-Restricted Diets by Korean Diabetes Association, Korean Society for the Study of Obesity, and Korean Society of Hypertension
Jong Han Choi, Jee-Hyun Kang, Suk Chon Diabetes Metab J.2022;46(3):377-390. Published online May 25, 2022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2022.0051
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Abstract[PDF]PubReader ePub - The Joint Committee of the Korean Diabetes Association, the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity, and the Korean Society of Hypertension announced a consensus statement on carbohydrate-restricted diets and intermittent fasting, representing an emerging and popular dietary pattern. In this statement, we recommend moderately-low-carbohydrate or low-carbohydrate diets, not a very-low-carbohydrate diet, for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. These diets can be considered a dietary regimen to improve glycemic control and reduce body weight in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This review provides the detailed results of a meta-analysis and systematic literature review on the potential harms and benefits of carbohydrate-restricted diets in patients with diabetes. We expect that this review will help experts and patients by fostering an in-depth understanding and appropriate application of carbohydrate-restricted diets in the comprehensive management of diabetes. Citations Citations to this article as recorded by- The effects of low-carbohydrate diet on glucose and lipid metabolism in overweight or obese patients with T2DM: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Wende Tian, Shuyu Cao, Yongxin Guan, Zihao Zhang, Qiyu Liu, Jianqing Ju, Ruixi Xi, Ruina Bai Frontiers in Nutrition.2025;[Epub]- CrossRef - Efficacy of convenience meal-type foods designed for diabetes in the management of metabolic syndrome based on a 3-week trial Do Gyeong Lee, In Gyeong Kang, Tae Seok Kim, Yun Ahn, Sang Yun Lee, Hye Jin Ahn, Yoo Kyoung Park Nutrition.2024; 118: 112287.- CrossRef - Long-Term Results of a Digital Diabetes Self-Management and Education Support Program Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study Ashley Berthoumieux, Sarah Linke, Melinda Merry, Alison Megliola, Jessie Juusola, Jenna Napoleone The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care.2024; 50(1): 19.- CrossRef - Medical nutrition therapy for diabetes mellitus Suk Chon Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2023; 66(7): 421.- CrossRef

Guideline/Fact Sheet
Effect of Carbohydrate-Restricted Diets and Intermittent Fasting on Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Hypertension Management: Consensus Statement of the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity, Korean Diabetes Association, and Korean Society of Hypertension
Jong Han Choi, Yoon Jeong Cho, Hyun-Jin Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Suk Chon, Jee-Hyun Kang, Kyoung-Kon Kim, Eun Mi Kim, Hyun Jung Kim, Kee-Ho Song, Ga Eun Nam, Kwang Il Kim, Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines, Korean Society for the Study of Obesity (KSSO), Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines and Committee of Food and Nutrition, Korean Diabetes Association (KDA), Policy Committee of Korean Society of Hypertension (KSH), Policy Development Committee of National Academy of Medicine of Korea (NAMOK) Diabetes Metab J.2022;46(3):355-376. Published online May 25, 2022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2022.0038
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Abstract[PDF]Supplementary MaterialPubReader ePub - Carbohydrate-restricted diets and intermittent fasting (IF) have been rapidly gaining interest among the general population and patients with cardiometabolic disease, such as overweight or obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. However, there are limited expert recommendations for these dietary regimens. This study aimed to evaluate the level of scientific evidence on the benefits and harms of carbohydrate-restricted diets and IF to make responsible recommendations. A meta-analysis and systematic literature review of 66 articles on 50 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of carbohydrate-restricted diets and 10 articles on eight RCTs of IF was performed. Based on the analysis, the following recommendations are suggested. In adults with overweight or obesity, a moderately-low carbohydrate or low carbohydrate diet (mLCD) can be considered as a dietary regimen for weight reduction. In adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, mLCD can be considered as a dietary regimen for improving glycemic control and reducing body weight. In contrast, a very-low carbohydrate diet (VLCD) and IF are recommended against in patients with diabetes. Furthermore, no recommendations are suggested for VLCD and IF in adults with overweight or obesity, and carbohydrate-restricted diets and IF in patients with hypertension. Here, we describe the results of our analysis and the evidence for these recommendations. Citations Citations to this article as recorded by- Time-restricted eating in overweight and obese adults: an evidence summary and clinical recommendations Hui Liu, Zhuolian Zheng, Fuliang Shangguan, Yu Guo, Huixi Yu, Juping Yu, Yinhua Su, Zhongyu Li Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition.2026;[Epub]- CrossRef - Association between the Healthy Eating Index-2015 and circadian syndrome: A cross-sectional study based on NHANES 2005 to 2018 Haisi Zhan, Kaiying He, Yunjie Yang, Qingting Shi, Ying Jiang, Chao Ding Medicine.2026; 105(4): e47321.- CrossRef - Global and China burden and trend prediction of thyroid cancer attributed to high BMI from 1990 to 2021 Zhibo Teng, Yangfan Dong, Shaobin Duan Frontiers in Oncology.2026;[Epub]- CrossRef - Evolving dietary strategies in the management of obesity: a narrative review Mee Kyoung Kim Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2026; 69(1): 13.- CrossRef - Cystine: A Key Protective Factor Against Childhood Hypo-HDL Cholesterolemia and Dyslipidemia—A Matched Case–Control Study Lianlong Yu, Qing Yue, Qianrang Zhu, Yiya Liu, Meina Tian, Changqing Liu, Zhenchuang Tang Nutrients.2026; 18(10): 1488.- CrossRef - Intermittent Fasting and Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy: Retrospective Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Sejeong Lee, Youngjoon Kim, Min Heui Yu, Yong-ho Lee, Byung-Wan Lee, Eun Seok Kang, Bong-Soo Cha, Soo-Hyun Park, Sungha Park, Min Kim, Christopher Seungkyu Lee, Eun Young Choi, Minyoung Lee Nutrients.2026; 18(11): 1696.- CrossRef - Harnessing artificial intelligence for scalable evidence synthesis in reviews: Application in a bibliometric analysis of physical activity technologies George Thomas, Stephanie Alley, Meighan Browne, Hannes Baumann, Mitch J Duncan, Corneel Vandelanotte, Nicholas D Gilson DIGITAL HEALTH.2026;[Epub]- CrossRef - Low-Carbohydrate Dietary Interventions for Metabolic Control in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Overview of Systematic Reviews Mileni Vanti Beretta, Cíntia Aparecida Oliveira Flores, Gabriella Fontes Colameo, Luana Weissheimer Echabe, Fernanda Michielin Busnello Nutrition Reviews.2025; 83(7): e1677.- CrossRef - The effects of low-carbohydrate diet on glucose and lipid metabolism in overweight or obese patients with T2DM: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Wende Tian, Shuyu Cao, Yongxin Guan, Zihao Zhang, Qiyu Liu, Jianqing Ju, Ruixi Xi, Ruina Bai Frontiers in Nutrition.2025;[Epub]- CrossRef - The effects of intermittent fasting on anthropometric indices, glycemic profile, chemotherapy-related toxicity, and subjective perception in gynecological and breast cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis Xiaoxia Liu, Qiucen Meng, Wenqi Fan, Lianzhen Ning, Lina Ge BMC Cancer.2025;[Epub]- CrossRef - Lifestyle prescriptions for diabetes management in primary care: a narrative review Hye Jun Lee, Jung-Ha Kim Ewha Medical Journal.2025; 48(4): e55.- CrossRef - A hypothetical intervention analysis for the effects of healthy dietary patterns on reducing major chronic diseases and mortality associated with air pollutant mixtures Guzhengyue Zheng, Lan Chen, Shanshan Ran, Shengtao Wei, Kin Fai Ho, Zhenhe Huang, Hui Shi, Peng Hu, Ge Chen, Hualiang Lin BMC Medicine.2025;[Epub]- CrossRef - Metabolic changes with intermittent fasting Maria G. Lange, Alice A. Coffey, Paul C. Coleman, Thomas M. Barber, Thijs Van Rens, Oyinlola Oyebode, Sally Abbott, Petra Hanson Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics.2024; 37(1): 256.- CrossRef - Adherence to the nutritional recommendations according to diabetes status in Korean adults: a cross-sectional study Jong Han Choi, Chen Lulu, Seon-Joo Park, Hae-Jeung Lee BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub]- CrossRef - Alzheimer’s Disease, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes: Focus on Common Neuroglial Dysfunctions (Critical Review and New Data on Human Brain and Models) Adolfo Toledano, Arantxa Rodríguez-Casado, María Isabel Älvarez, Adolfo Toledano-Díaz Brain Sciences.2024; 14(11): 1101.- CrossRef - A network meta-analysis of the comparative efficacy of different dietary approaches on glycaemic control and weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and overweight or obesity Yahui Yuan, Chun Chen, Qiaoyun Liu, Yehao Luo, Zhaojun Yang, YuPing Lin, Lu Sun, Guanjie Fan Food & Function.2024; 15(24): 11961.- CrossRef - Papel do Jejum Intermitente e da Dieta Restrita em Carboidratos na Prevenção de Doenças Cardiovasculares em Pacientes Pré-Diabéticos Mohamed Khalfallah, Basma Elnagar, Shaimaa S. Soliman, Ahmad Eissa, Amany Allaithy Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia.2023;[Epub]- CrossRef - Medical nutrition therapy for diabetes mellitus Suk Chon Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2023; 66(7): 421.- CrossRef - Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis development in a patient with type 2 diabetes receiving a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor and a carbohydrate-restricted diet Gwanpyo Koh, Jisun Bang, Soyeon Yoo, Sang Ah Lee Journal of Medicine and Life Science.2023; 20(3): 126.- CrossRef - Comprehensive Understanding for Application in Korean Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus of the Consensus Statement on Carbohydrate-Restricted Diets by Korean Diabetes Association, Korean Society for the Study of Obesity, and Korean Society of Hyperte Jong Han Choi, Jee-Hyun Kang, Suk Chon Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2022; 46(3): 377.- CrossRef - The Related Metabolic Diseases and Treatments of Obesity Ming Yang, Shuai Liu, Chunye Zhang Healthcare.2022; 10(9): 1616.- CrossRef - Updated Meta-Analysis of Studies from 2011 to 2021 Comparing the Effectiveness of Intermittent Energy Restriction and Continuous Energy Restriction Kyoung-Kon Kim, Jee-Hyun Kang, Eun Mi Kim Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome.2022; 31(3): 230.- CrossRef

Guideline/Fact Sheet
2021 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Mellitus in Korea
Kyu Yeon Hur, Min Kyong Moon, Jong Suk Park, Soo-Kyung Kim, Seung-Hwan Lee, Jae-Seung Yun, Jong Ha Baek, Junghyun Noh, Byung-Wan Lee, Tae Jung Oh, Suk Chon, Ye Seul Yang, Jang Won Son, Jong Han Choi, Kee Ho Song, Nam Hoon Kim, Sang Yong Kim, Jin Wha Kim, Sang Youl Rhee, You-Bin Lee, Sang-Man Jin, Jae Hyeon Kim, Chong Hwa Kim, Dae Jung Kim, SungWan Chun, Eun-Jung Rhee, Hyun Min Kim, Hyun Jung Kim, Donghyun Jee, Jae Hyun Kim, Won Seok Choi, Eun-Young Lee, Kun-Ho Yoon, Seung-Hyun Ko, Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines, Korean Diabetes Association Diabetes Metab J.2021;45(4):461-481. Published online July 30, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0156
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Graphical Abstract Abstract[PDF]PubReader ePub - The Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Korean Diabetes Association (KDA) updated the previous clinical practice guidelines for Korean adults with diabetes and prediabetes and published the seventh edition in May 2021. We performed a comprehensive systematic review of recent clinical trials and evidence that could be applicable in real-world practice and suitable for the Korean population. The guideline is provided for all healthcare providers including physicians, diabetes experts, and certified diabetes educators across the country who manage patients with diabetes or the individuals at the risk of developing diabetes mellitus. The recommendations for screening diabetes and glucose-lowering agents have been revised and updated. New sections for continuous glucose monitoring, insulin pump use, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with diabetes mellitus have been added. The KDA recommends active vaccination for coronavirus disease 2019 in patients with diabetes during the pandemic. An abridgement that contains practical information for patient education and systematic management in the clinic was published separately. Citations Citations to this article as recorded by- Lipid Screening for Cardiovascular Risk in Youth: A Narrative Review of Current Guidelines and Potential Use of Nonfasting Measures Reihane Taheri, Olivia Weaver, Jacqueline A. Krysa, Donna F. Vine, Michael Khoury, Spencer D. Proctor CJC Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease.2026; 5(3): 155.- CrossRef - Muscle quality correlates with hearing thresholds: a cross-sectional analysis Young-Jee Jeon, Ji Ho Lee, Byung Chul Kang, Joong Keun Kwon Frontiers in Aging.2026;[Epub]- CrossRef - Limited Impact of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors on Appetite and Body Weight: Evidence From Clinical and Rodent Studies Joonyub Lee, Sohee Park, Evonne Kim, Ji-Yeon Park, Marie Rhee, Jing W. Hughes, Seung-Hyun Ko, Obin Kwon, Eun Young Lee Journal of Korean Medical Science.2026;[Epub]- CrossRef - Combined association of socioeconomic status and type 2 diabetes with influenza vaccination in older adults: A cross-sectional analysis of the Korea National Health and Examination Survey (2019–2022) Sunghak Kim, Kyuwoong Kim, Benjamin Jun Jie Seng PLOS One.2026; 21(2): e0341831.- CrossRef - Effectiveness of a Personalized Digital Exercise and Nutrition Rehabilitation Program in Postoperative Patients With Gastric Cancer: Randomized Controlled Trial Inah Kim, Ji Young Lim, Sun Woo Kim, Jun Ho Lee, Tae Sung Sohn, Sungsoo Park, Seok Ho Kang, Ji Youl Lee, Ji Hye Hwang JMIR mHealth and uHealth.2026; 14: e85795.- CrossRef - Factors Associated With Examinations for Diabetic Complications During the COVID-19 Epidemic Si A Choi, Mi Ah Han, So Yeon Ryu Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health.2026; 38(4): 315.- CrossRef - Associations of higher protein intake with diet quality and diabetes-related metabolic health indicators in Korean adults without diabetes: analysis of Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2019–2021 Ye-Jin Kim, Soo-Kyung Lee Nutrition Research and Practice.2026; 20(3): 521.- CrossRef - 2025 Obesity Fact Sheet for Korea: Prevalence of Obesity, Abdominal Obesity from 2014 to 2023 and Prevalence of Chronic Disease by Obesity Status Esther Kim, Sinyoung Cho, Jiyoung Kim, Bongseong Kim, Ho-tak Seo, Ga Eun Nam, In Young Cho, Kye-Yeung Park, Su-Min Jeong, Kyungdo Han Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome.2026; 35(2): 176.- CrossRef - Rapid and efficient detection of acetone as a biomarker for a non-invasive strategy for diabetes assay by using BeN3 nanostructure Narinderjit Singh Sawaran Singh, Abdulsalam Q. 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Guideline/Fact Sheet
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor for Renal Function Preservation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Korean Diabetes Association and Korean Society of Nephrology Consensus Statement
Tae Jung Oh, Ju-Young Moon, Kyu Yeon Hur, Seung Hyun Ko, Hyun Jung Kim, Taehee Kim, Dong Won Lee, Min Kyong Moon, The Committee of Clinical Practice Guideline, Korean Diabetes Association and Committee of the Cooperative Studies, Korean Society of Nephrology Diabetes Metab J.2020;44(4):489-497. Published online August 21, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2020.0172
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Abstract[PDF]Supplementary MaterialPubReader ePub - Diabetes is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Therefore, prevention of renal dysfunction is an important treatment goal in the management of diabetes. The data of landmark cardiovascular outcome trials of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor showed profound reno-protective effects. The Korean Diabetes Association and the Korean Society of Nephrology reviewed clinical trials and performed meta-analysis to assess the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on the preservation of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). We limited the data of SGLT2 inhibitors which can be prescribed in Korea. Both eGFR value and its change from the baseline were significantly more preserved in the SGLT2 inhibitor treatment group compared to the control group after 156 weeks. However, some known adverse events were increased in SGLT2 inhibitor treatment, such as genital infection, diabetic ketoacidosis, and volume depletion. We recommend the long-term use SGLT2 inhibitor in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for attenuation of renal function decline. However, we cannot generalize our recommendation due to lack of long-term clinical trials testing reno-protective effects of every SGLT2 inhibitor in a broad range of patients with T2DM. This recommendation can be revised and updated after publication of several large-scale renal outcome trials. Citations Citations to this article as recorded by- Safety evaluation of Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors for cancer risk in specific populations: systematic review and meta-analysis Jing Teng, Tai Li, Ying Tan, Huifang Tang Frontiers in Clinical Diabetes and Healthcare.2026;[Epub]- CrossRef - 2025 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Management in Korea: Recommendation of the Korean Diabetes Association Shinae Kang, Seon Mee Kang, Jong Han Choi, Seung-Hyun Ko, Bo Kyung Koo, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Mi Kyung Kim, Sang Yong Kim, Soo-Kyung Kim, Young-eun Kim, Eun Sook Kim, Jae Hyeon Kim, Chong Hwa Kim, Ji Min Kim, Hae Jin Kim, Min Kyong Moon, Sun Joon Moon, Jun Sung Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2025; 49(4): 582.- CrossRef - Clinical Considerations for Safe Use of SGLT2 Inhibitors Jae-Seung Yun, Eonju Jeon The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2025; 26(2): 60.- CrossRef - Real-World Treatment Patterns according to Clinical Practice Guidelines in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Established Cardiovascular Disease in Korea: Multicenter, Retrospective, Observational Study Ye Seul Yang, Nam Hoon Kim, Jong Ha Baek, Seung-Hyun Ko, Jang Won Son, Seung-Hwan Lee, Sang Youl Rhee, Soo-Kyung Kim, Tae Seo Sohn, Ji Eun Jun, In-Kyung Jeong, Chong Hwa Kim, Keeho Song, Eun-Jung Rhee, Junghyun Noh, Kyu Yeon Hur Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2024; 48(2): 279.- CrossRef - 2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Management in Korea: Full Version Recommendation of the Korean Diabetes Association Jun Sung Moon, Shinae Kang, Jong Han Choi, Kyung Ae Lee, Joon Ho Moon, Suk Chon, Dae Jung Kim, Hyun Jin Kim, Ji A Seo, Mee Kyoung Kim, Jeong Hyun Lim, Yoon Ju Song, Ye Seul Yang, Jae Hyeon Kim, You-Bin Lee, Junghyun Noh, Kyu Yeon Hur, Jong Suk Park, Sang Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2024; 48(4): 546.- CrossRef - Cardiovascular Disease & Diabetes Statistics in Korea: Nationwide Data 2010 to 2019 Jin Hwa Kim, Junyeop Lee, Kyungdo Han, Jae-Taek Kim, Hyuk-Sang Kwon Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2024; 48(6): 1084.- CrossRef - Renoprotective Mechanism of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors: Focusing on Renal Hemodynamics Nam Hoon Kim, Nan Hee Kim Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2022; 46(4): 543.- CrossRef - Real-World Prescription Patterns and Barriers Related to the Use of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors among Korean Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease Jong Ha Baek, Ye Seul Yang, Seung-Hyun Ko, Kyung Do Han, Jae Hyeon Kim, Min Kyong Moon, Jong Suk Park, Byung-Wan Lee, Tae Jung Oh, Suk Chon, Jong Han Choi, Kyu Yeon Hur Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2022; 46(5): 701.- CrossRef

Guideline/Fact Sheet
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Position Statement of the Fatty Liver Research Group of the Korean Diabetes Association
Byung-Wan Lee, Yong-ho Lee, Cheol-Young Park, Eun-Jung Rhee, Won-Young Lee, Nan-Hee Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Keun-Gyu Park, Yeon-Kyung Choi, Bong-Soo Cha, Dae Ho Lee, Korean Diabetes Association (KDA) Fatty Liver Research Group Diabetes Metab J.2020;44(3):382-401. Published online May 11, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2020.0010
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Abstract[PDF]PubReader ePub - This clinical practice position statement, a product of the Fatty Liver Research Group of the Korean Diabetes Association, proposes recommendations for the diagnosis, progression and/or severity assessment, management, and follow-up of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patients with both T2DM and NAFLD have an increased risk of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis and a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases and diabetic complications compared to those without NAFLD. With regards to the evaluation of patients with T2DM and NAFLD, ultrasonography-based stepwise approaches using noninvasive biomarker models such as fibrosis-4 or the NAFLD fibrosis score as well as imaging studies such as vibration-controlled transient elastography with controlled attenuation parameter or magnetic resonance imaging-proton density fat fraction are recommended. After the diagnosis of NAFLD, the stage of fibrosis needs to be assessed appropriately. For management, weight reduction achieved by lifestyle modification has proven beneficial and is recommended in combination with antidiabetic agent(s). Evidence that some antidiabetic agents improve NAFLD/NASH with fibrosis in patients with T2DM is emerging. However, there are currently no definite pharmacologic treatments for NAFLD in patients with T2DM. For specific cases, bariatric surgery may be an option if indicated. 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V. Uzhakova, Z. E. Zshanko, E. N. 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Kern, Samir Softic Pediatric Obesity.2022;[Epub]- CrossRef - Renal Tubular Damage Marker, Urinary N-acetyl-β-D-Glucosaminidase, as a Predictive Marker of Hepatic Fibrosis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Hae Kyung Kim, Minyoung Lee, Yong-ho Lee, Eun Seok Kang, Bong-Soo Cha, Byung-Wan Lee Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2022; 46(1): 104.- CrossRef - Dulaglutide Ameliorates Palmitic Acid-Induced Hepatic Steatosis by Activating FAM3A Signaling Pathway Jinmi Lee, Seok-Woo Hong, Min-Jeong Kim, Sun Joon Moon, Hyemi Kwon, Se Eun Park, Eun-Jung Rhee, Won-Young Lee Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(1): 74.- CrossRef - State-of-the-Art Overview of the Pharmacological Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Yongin Cho, Yong-ho Lee Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(1): 38.- CrossRef - Ezetimibe combination therapy with statin for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an open-label randomized controlled trial (ESSENTIAL study) Yongin Cho, Hyungjin Rhee, Young-eun Kim, Minyoung Lee, Byung-Wan Lee, Eun Seok Kang, Bong-Soo Cha, Jin-Young Choi, Yong-ho Lee BMC Medicine.2022;[Epub]- CrossRef - Obesity is an important determinant of severity in newly defined metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease Ji Hye Huh, Kwang Joon Kim, Seung Up Kim, Bong-Soo Cha, Byung-Wan Lee Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International.2022; 21(3): 241.- CrossRef - Anti-Obesity and Anti-Hyperglycemic Effects of Meretrix lusoria Protamex Hydrolysate in ob/ob Mice Min Ju Kim, Ramakrishna Chilakala, Hee Geun Jo, Seung-Jae Lee, Dong-Sung Lee, Sun Hee Cheong International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(7): 4015.- CrossRef - The associations of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis using fatty liver index and BARD score with cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in patients with new-onset type 2 diabetes: a nationwide cohort study Jiyun Park, Gyuri Kim, Bong-Sung Kim, Kyung-Do Han, So Yoon Kwon, So Hee Park, You-Bin Lee, Sang-Man Jin, Jae Hyeon Kim Cardiovascular Diabetology.2022;[Epub]- CrossRef - Cumulative Exposure to High γ-Glutamyl Transferase Level and Risk of Diabetes: A Nationwide Population-Based Study Ji-Yeon Park, Kyungdo Han, Hun-Sung Kim, Jae-Hyoung Cho, Kun-Ho Yoon, Mee Kyoung Kim, Seung-Hwan Lee Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(2): 272.- CrossRef - SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease Jun Sung Moon, Jun Hwa Hong, Yong Jin Jung, Ele Ferrannini, Michael A. 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Guideline/Fact Sheet
Metformin Treatment for Patients with Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Korean Diabetes Association and Korean Society of Nephrology Consensus Statement
Kyu Yeon Hur, Mee Kyoung Kim, Seung Hyun Ko, Miyeun Han, Dong Won Lee, Hyuk-Sang Kwon Diabetes Metab J.2020;44(1):3-10. Published online February 21, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2020.0004
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Abstract[PDF]Supplementary MaterialPubReader ePub - The safety of metformin use for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and advanced kidney disease is controversial, and more recent guidelines have suggested that metformin be used cautiously in this group until more definitive evidence concerning its safety is available. The Korean Diabetes Association and the Korean Society of Nephrology have agreed on consensus statements concerning metformin use for patients with T2DM and renal dysfunction, particularly when these patients undergo imaging studies using iodinated contrast media (ICM). Metformin can be used safely when the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is ≥45 mL/min/1.73 m - 2. If the eGFR is between 30 and 44 mL/min/1.73 m- 2, metformin treatment should not be started. If metformin is already in use, a daily dose of ≤1,000 mg is recommended. Metformin is contraindicated when the eGFR is <30 mL/min/1.73 m- 2. Renal function should be evaluated prior to any ICM-related procedures. During procedures involving intravenous administration of ICM, metformin should be discontinued starting the day of the procedures and up to 48 hours post-procedures if the eGFR is <60 mL/min/1.73 m- 2. Citations Citations to this article as recorded by- Association between diabetes duration and hyperuricemia: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016 to 2021 Kyuho Kim, Kyungdo Han, In Young Kim, Kyuna Lee, Yu-Bae Ahn, Seung-Hyun Ko, Jae-Seung Yun The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2026; 41(1): 143.- CrossRef - The Role of Combining Exercise with Pharmacologic Management of Chronic Kidney disease: From Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter-2 and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 to Broader Therapeutic Strategies Thomas J. Wilkinson, Greg Biddle, Emily James Nephron.2026; : 1.- CrossRef - Metformin and risk factors for chronic kidney disease in a European population based on Mendelian randomization Xiaopei Liu, Xingyao Li, Peng An, Qi Gao, Yanhong Zhao, Xingmin Shi, Xili Wu Renal Failure.2025;[Epub]- CrossRef - Sulfur-Rich Garlic Extract (DNR) as a Promising Natural Therapeutic for Diabetic Nephropathy: Evidence from a db/db Mouse Model Ju Hee Park, Byung Sik Cho, Xue Bi Zhou, Richard Kyung, Myong Jo Kim International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(20): 10184.- CrossRef - Metformin and Myo-Inositol: A Comparative Analysis Michele Russo, Mario Montanino Oliva, Maurizio Nordio, Giuseppina Porcaro, Vittorio Unfer Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation.2025; : 1.- CrossRef - Distribution and elimination kinetics of midazolam and metabolites after post-resuscitation care: a prospective observational study Wonjoon Jeong, Jung Sunwoo, Yeonho You, Jung Soo Park, Jin Hong Min, Yong Nam In, Hong Joon Ahn, So Young Jeon, Jang Hee Hong, Ji Hye Song, Hyein Kang, My Tuyen Thi Nguyen, Jaehan Kim, Changshin Kang Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]- CrossRef - Prediction of glycosylated hemoglobin level in patients with cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus with respect to anti-diabetic medication Alisher Ikramov, Shakhnoza Mukhtarova, Raisa Trigulova, Dilnoza Alimova, Saodat Abdullaeva Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub]- CrossRef - Clinical Management of Type II DM in patients Showing Progressive Increase in the Creatinine Level – A Cross-sectional Study Prabhudatta Mohapatra, Durga Madhab Kar, Karmajeet Rath, Abhisek Pal Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology.2024; : 2719.- CrossRef - Trends in Antidiabetic Drug Use and Safety of Metformin in Diabetic Patients with Varying Degrees of Chronic Kidney Disease from 2010 to 2021 in Korea: Retrospective Cohort Study Using the Common Data Model Sung Hwan Joo, Seungwon Yang, Suhyun Lee, Seok Jun Park, Taemin Park, Sang Youl Rhee, Jae Myung Cha, Sandy Jeong Rhie, Hyeon Seok Hwang, Yang Gyun Kim, Eun Kyoung Chung Pharmaceuticals.2024; 17(10): 1369.- CrossRef - Determinants of vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus — A primary-care retrospective cohort study Andrew Kien Han Wee, Rehena Sultana BMC Primary Care.2023;[Epub]- CrossRef - Risk factors for post-contrast acute kidney injury in patients sequentially administered iodine- and gadolinium-based contrast media on the same visit to the emergency department: a retrospective study Changshin Kang, Soo Hyun Han, Jung Soo Park, Dae Eun Choi Kidney Research and Clinical Practice.2023; 42(3): 358.- CrossRef - Guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus in patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia Mohammad E. Khamseh, Mojtaba Malek, Nahid Hashemi-madani, Fariba Ghassemi, Neda Rahimian, Amir Ziaee, Mohammad Reza Foroughi-Gilvaee, Pooya Faranoush, Negin Sadighnia, Ali Elahinia, Mohammad Reza Rezvany, Mohammad Faranoush Iranian Journal of Blood and Cancer.2023; 15(4): 293.- CrossRef - Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease: The Past, Present, and Future Filipe Ferrari, Rafael S. Scheffel, Vítor M. Martins, Raul D. 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Chan, Kang-Chih Fan, Che-Wei Liu, Yu-Chen Huang European Radiology.2021; 32(5): 3045.- CrossRef - Albuminuria Is Associated with Steatosis Burden in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (Diabetes Metab J 2021;45:698-707) Eugene Han, Hye Soon Kim Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2021; 45(6): 972.- CrossRef - KRCP's past and future path Tae-Hyun Yoo Kidney Research and Clinical Practice.2020; 39(3): 233.- CrossRef - Metformin Use and Risk of All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Yao Hu, Min Lei, Guibao Ke, Xin Huang, Xuan Peng, Lihui Zhong, Ping Fu Frontiers in Endocrinology.2020;[Epub]- CrossRef - Pharmacotherapy for patients with diabetes mellitus Joon Ho Moon, Soo Lim Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2020; 63(12): 766.- CrossRef

Clinical Care/Education
2019 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Korea
Mee Kyoung Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Bo-Yeon Kim, Eun Seok Kang, Junghyun Noh, Soo-Kyung Kim, Seok-O Park, Kyu Yeon Hur, Suk Chon, Min Kyong Moon, Nan-Hee Kim, Sang Yong Kim, Sang Youl Rhee, Kang-Woo Lee, Jae Hyeon Kim, Eun-Jung Rhee, SungWan Chun, Sung Hoon Yu, Dae Jung Kim, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Kyong Soo Park Diabetes Metab J.2019;43(4):398-406. Published online August 20, 2019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2019.0137
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Abstract[PDF]PubReader ePub - The Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Korean Diabetes Association revised and updated the 6th Clinical Practice Guidelines in 2019. Targets of glycemic, blood pressure, and lipid control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were updated. The obese and overweight population is increasing steadily in Korea, and half of the Koreans with diabetes are obese. Evidence-based recommendations for weight-loss therapy for obesity management as treatment for hyperglycemia in T2DM were provided. In addition, evidence from large clinical studies assessing cardiovascular outcomes following the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists in patients with T2DM were incorporated into the recommendations. 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Clinical Diabetes & Therapeutics
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Position Statement of the Korean Diabetes Association
Hyun Jin Kim, Seok O Park, Seung-Hyun Ko, Sang Youl Rhee, Kyu-Yeon Hur, Nan-Hee Kim, Min Kyong Moon, Byung-Wan Lee, Jin Hwa Kim, Kyung Mook Choi Diabetes Metab J.2017;41(6):423-429. Published online December 19, 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2017.41.6.423
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Abstract[PDF]PubReader ePub - The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) were recommended as a monotherapy or combination therapy with oral hypoglycemic agents or basal insulin in the position statement of the Korean Diabetes Association 2017 for pharmacological therapy. Many randomized clinical trials and systematic reviews report that GLP-1RAs have considerable glucose-lowering effect and lead to weight reduction and low risk of hypoglycemia when used as a monotherapy or combination therapy. The cardiovascular safety of GLP-1RAs has been assessed in several randomized clinical trials and systematic reviews. The results of cardiovascular outcome trials of long-acting GLP-1RAs (liraglutide, semaglutide) demonstrated cardiovascular benefits in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and a high risk of cardiovascular disease. The GLP-1RA may be a choice of therapy when weight control and avoidance of hypoglycemia are important, and patients with high risk of cardiovascular disease might also favor choosing GLP-1RA. Citations Citations to this article as recorded by- Anti-inflammatory effect of glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor agonist on the neurosensory retina in an acute optic nerve injury rat model Yeon Woong Chung, Ji Young Lee, Hyun Hee Ju, Jin A. Choi European Journal of Pharmacology.2022; 933: 175269.- CrossRef - Diabetes Risk Data Mining Method Based on Electronic Medical Record Analysis Yang Liu, Zhaoxiang Yu, Yunlong Yang, Zhihan Lv Journal of Healthcare Engineering.2021; 2021: 1.- CrossRef - Liraglutide and Dulaglutide Have Comparable HbA1c Reduction in Emirati Patients with T2DM Aml Mohamed Nada, Mariam Adel Younan Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases.2021; 11(04): 103.- CrossRef - Paradigm Shift for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease: Cardiologist's Perspective Doo Soo Jeon Cardiovascular Prevention and Pharmacotherapy.2020; 2(1): 11.- CrossRef - The Role of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Type 2 Diabetes in Asia Ju-Ming Lu Advances in Therapy.2019; 36(4): 798.- CrossRef - A Review of Practical Issues on the Use of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Irene Romera, Ana Cebrián-Cuenca, Fernando Álvarez-Guisasola, Fernando Gomez-Peralta, Jesús Reviriego Diabetes Therapy.2019; 10(1): 5.- CrossRef - Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Position Statement of the Korean Diabetes Association Hyun Jin Kim The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2018; 19(1): 35.- CrossRef

Clinical Diabetes & Therapeutics
Insulin Therapy for Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Position Statement of the Korean Diabetes Association, 2017
Byung-Wan Lee, Jin Hwa Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Kyu-Yeon Hur, Nan-Hee Kim, Sang Youl Rhee, Hyun Jin Kim, Min Kyong Moon, Seok-O Park, Kyung Mook Choi Diabetes Metab J.2017;41(5):367-373. Published online October 24, 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2017.41.5.367
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Abstract[PDF]PubReader ePub - The Korean Diabetes Association (KDA) has regularly updated its Clinical Practice Guidelines. In 2017, the KDA published a position statement on the use of antihyperglycemic agents for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Growing evidence from new multinational clinical trials using novel and traditional insulin analogues has also been accumulated. Following global trends, many results of clinical trials, especially concerning the clinical efficacy and safety of insulin therapy, have been published about Korean patients with T2DM. After a systematic search of recent evidence, the KDA updated and modified its clinical practice recommendations regarding the initiation, choice, and intensification of insulin and created an insulin treatment algorithm for the first time to guide physicians caring for adult Korean patients with T2DM. Citations Citations to this article as recorded by- Effects of resistance training in adults with type-2 diabetes mellitus: a narrative review of randomised controlled trials N Mtshali, T Sookan-Kassie Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa.2026; : 1.- CrossRef - Effectiveness of the live zoster vaccine in patients with type 2 diabetes: a nationwide emulated target trial Tae Hyeon Kim, Kyeongmin Lee, Sooji Lee, Jiyeon Oh, Jaeyu Park, Hyesu Jo, Yejun Son, Soeun Kim, Sang Youl Rhee, Lee Smith, Hanseul Cho, Junyang Jung, Seung Geun Yeo, Hayeon Lee, Dong Keon Yon Clinical Microbiology and Infection.2025; 31(8): 1363.- CrossRef - 2025 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Management in Korea: Recommendation of the Korean Diabetes Association Shinae Kang, Seon Mee Kang, Jong Han Choi, Seung-Hyun Ko, Bo Kyung Koo, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Mi Kyung Kim, Sang Yong Kim, Soo-Kyung Kim, Young-eun Kim, Eun Sook Kim, Jae Hyeon Kim, Chong Hwa Kim, Ji Min Kim, Hae Jin Kim, Min Kyong Moon, Sun Joon Moon, Jun Sung Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2025; 49(4): 582.- CrossRef - Real-World Outcomes of Individualized Targeted Therapy with Insulin Glargine 300 Units/mL in Insulin-Naïve Korean People with Type 2 Diabetes: TOBE Study Eun-Gyoung Hong, Kyung-Wan Min, Jung Soo Lim, Kyu-Jeung Ahn, Chul Woo Ahn, Jae-Myung Yu, Hye Soon Kim, Hyun Jin Kim, Won Kim, Dong Han Kim, Hak Chul Jang Advances in Therapy.2024; 41(5): 1967.- CrossRef - Exploring Folklore Ecuadorian Medicinal Plants and Their Bioactive Components Focusing on Antidiabetic Potential: An Overview Soham Bhattacharya, Neha Gupta, Adéla Flekalová, Salomé Gordillo-Alarcón, Viviana Espinel-Jara, Eloy Fernández-Cusimamani Plants.2024; 13(11): 1436.- CrossRef - 2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Management in Korea: Full Version Recommendation of the Korean Diabetes Association Jun Sung Moon, Shinae Kang, Jong Han Choi, Kyung Ae Lee, Joon Ho Moon, Suk Chon, Dae Jung Kim, Hyun Jin Kim, Ji A Seo, Mee Kyoung Kim, Jeong Hyun Lim, Yoon Ju Song, Ye Seul Yang, Jae Hyeon Kim, You-Bin Lee, Junghyun Noh, Kyu Yeon Hur, Jong Suk Park, Sang Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2024; 48(4): 546.- CrossRef - Tolerability and Effectiveness of Switching to Dulaglutide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled With Insulin Therapy Youngsook Kim, Ji Hye Huh, Minyoung Lee, Eun Seok Kang, Bong-Soo Cha, Byung-Wan Lee Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub]- CrossRef - Increasing Individual Target Glucose Levels to Prevent Hypoglycemia in Patients with Diabetes Juyoung Shin, Hyunah Kim, Hun-Sung Kim, Churlmin Kim, Whan-Seok Choi Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2021; 42(4): 269.- CrossRef - Effects of an actual insulin injection demonstration on insulin acceptance among patients with T2DM: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial Atthayaporn Choomai, Apichai Wattanapisit, Orathai Tiangtam Romanian Journal of Internal Medicine.2021; 59(2): 151.- CrossRef - Favorable Glycemic Control with Once-Daily Insulin Degludec/Insulin Aspart after Changing from Basal Insulin in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Han Na Jang, Ye Seul Yang, Seong Ok Lee, Tae Jung Oh, Bo Kyung Koo, Hye Seung Jung Endocrinology and Metabolism.2019; 34(4): 382.- CrossRef - Capacity and confidence building for general practitioners on optimum insulin use Sanjay Kalra, Prasun Deb, KalyanK Gangopadhyay, Sunil Gupta, Abhay Ahluwalia Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.2019; 8(10): 3096.- CrossRef - Educational Strategies for Insulin Injection Therapy in Elderly Diabetic Patients Eun Chong Shin The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2018; 19(2): 101.- CrossRef - Summary of Insulin Therapy for Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Position Statement of the Korean Diabetes Association, 2017 Byung-Wan Lee The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2018; 19(1): 31.- CrossRef - New anti-diabetic agents Doo-Man Kim Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2017; 60(12): 992.- CrossRef

Clinical Diabetes & Therapeutics
Combination Therapy of Oral Hypoglycemic Agents in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Min Kyong Moon, Kyu-Yeon Hur, Seung-Hyun Ko, Seok-O Park, Byung-Wan Lee, Jin Hwa Kim, Sang Youl Rhee, Hyun Jin Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Nan-Hee Kim Diabetes Metab J.2017;41(5):357-366. Published online October 24, 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2017.41.5.357
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Abstract[PDF]PubReader ePub - The Korean Diabetes Association (KDA) recently updated the Clinical Practice Guidelines on antihyperglycemic agent therapy for adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In combination therapy of oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs), general recommendations were not changed from those of the 2015 KDA guidelines. The Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines of the KDA has extensively reviewed and discussed the results of meta-analyses and systematic reviews of effectiveness and safety of OHAs and many clinical trials on Korean patients with T2DM for the update of guidelines. All OHAs were effective when added to metformin or metformin and sulfonylurea, although the effects of each agent on body weight and hypoglycemia were different. Therefore, selection of a second agent as a metformin add-on therapy or third agent as a metformin and sulfonylurea add-on therapy should be based on the patient's clinical characteristics and the efficacy, side effects, mechanism of action, risk of hypoglycemia, effect on body weight, patient preference, and combined comorbidity. In this review, we address the results of meta-analyses and systematic reviews, comparing the effectiveness and safety among OHAs. It will help to choose the appropriate drug for an individual patient with T2DM. Citations Citations to this article as recorded by- In vitro evaluation of the antidiabetic properties of a traditional Sooranam polyherbal ethanolic extract G. Arunachalam, T. Sriram, B. Gladia Jenifer, M. Mohammed Natheem, S. Gopinath, K. P. 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Pham ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters.2025; 16(8): 1676.- CrossRef - Unveiling the potential of prodrug and drug-conjugate strategies in treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications Neha V. Bhilare, Rushikesh Shedge, Prashant M. Tambe, Ajinkya More Medicinal Chemistry Research.2024; 33(3): 337.- CrossRef - Regional Heterogeneity of the Results of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist Trials in Type 2 Diabetes: A Reanalysis of Individual Participant Data Ariane Jullien, Clément Jambon-Barbara, Jean-Luc Cracowski, Brian L. 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Thomas, Fangxi Xu, Deepak Saxena, Xin Li Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology.2022; 62(1): 85.- CrossRef - Role of resveratrol supplementation in regulation of glucose hemostasis, inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial Wajiha Mahjabeen, Dilshad Ahmed Khan, Shakil Ahmed Mirza Complementary Therapies in Medicine.2022; 66: 102819.- CrossRef - Letrozole: Pharmacology, toxicity and potential therapeutic effects Anirban Goutam Mukherjee, Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari, Dhanushya Nagarajan, Vibhaa K K, Anagha V, Joshua Paul P, Tharani Priya T, Rituraj Chakraborty, Kaviyarasi Renu, Abhijit Dey, Balachandar Vellingiri, Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan Life Sciences.2022; 310: 121074.- CrossRef - Increasing Individual Target Glucose Levels to Prevent Hypoglycemia in Patients with Diabetes Juyoung Shin, Hyunah Kim, Hun-Sung Kim, Churlmin Kim, Whan-Seok Choi Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2021; 42(4): 269.- CrossRef - Treatment intensification in type 2 diabetes management after the failure of two oral hypoglycemic agents: A non‐interventional comparative study Sirajudeen Shaik Alavudeen, Sultan M. Alshahrani, Easwaran Vigneshwaran, Noohu Abdulla Khan, Javid I. Mir, Abubakr T. M. Hussein International Journal of Clinical Practice.2021;[Epub]- CrossRef - Aldose reductase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors as a promising therapeutic approach for diabetes mellitus Antonios Kousaxidis, Anthi Petrou, Vasiliki Lavrentaki, Maria Fesatidou, Ioannis Nicolaou, Athina Geronikaki European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.2020; 207: 112742.- CrossRef - Letter: Efficacy and Safety of Voglibose Plus Metformin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial (Diabetes Metab J 2019;43;276-86) Hannah Seok, Tae Seo Sohn Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2019; 43(4): 545.- CrossRef - A Survey of the Structures of US FDA Approved Combination Drugs Pradipta Das, Michael D. Delost, Munaum H. Qureshi, David T. Smith, Jon T. Njardarson Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.2019; 62(9): 4265.- CrossRef - Experimental design methodology for optimization and robustness determination in ion pair RP-HPLC method development: Application for the simultaneous determination of metformin hydrochloride, alogliptin benzoate and repaglinide in tablets Marianne A. Mahrouse, Nesrine T. Lamie Microchemical Journal.2019; 147: 691.- CrossRef - The influence of diabetes and antidiabetic medications on the risk of pancreatic cancer: a nationwide population-based study in Korea Da Young Lee, Ji Hee Yu, Sanghyun Park, Kyungdo Han, Nam Hoon Kim, Hye Jin Yoo, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Nan Hee Kim, Ji A. Seo Scientific Reports.2018;[Epub]- CrossRef - Effect of Lifestyle Modification and Oral Anti-Diabetic Drugs on Metabolic Parameters in Recently Diagnosed Patientswith Uncomplicated Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Eastern India Nikhilesh Pradhan, Sidhartha Das, Anoj Kumar Baliarsinha, Ashirbad Parhi, Bijan Patnaik, Pramod Kumar Rout Journal of Diabetes Mellitus.2018; 08(02): 9.- CrossRef - Failure of monotherapy in clinical practice in patients with type 2 diabetes: The Korean National Diabetes Program Ja Young Jeon, Soo Jin Lee, Sieun Lee, Soo Jin Kim, Seung Jin Han, Hae Jin Kim, Dae Jung Kim, Young Seol Kim, Jeong Taek Woo, Kyu Jeung Ahn, Moonsuk Nam, Sei Hyun Baik, Yongsoo Park, Kwan‐Woo Lee Journal of Diabetes Investigation.2018; 9(5): 1144.- CrossRef

2011 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Type 2 Diabetes in Korea
Seung-Hyun Ko, Sung-Rea Kim, Dong-Joon Kim, Seung-Joon Oh, Hye-Jin Lee, Kang-Hee Shim, Mi-Hye Woo, Jun-Young Kim, Nan-Hee Kim, Jae-Taik Kim, Chong Hwa Kim, Hae Jin Kim, In-Kyung Jeong, Eun-Kyung Hong, Jae-Hyoung Cho, Ji-Oh Mok, Kun-Ho Yoon Diabetes Metab J.2011;35(5):431-436. Published online October 31, 2011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2011.35.5.431
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Abstract[PDF]PubReader ePub - As in other countries, type 2 diabetes is major health concern in Korea. A dramatic increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and its chronic complications has led to an increase in health costs and economic burdens. Early detection of high risk individuals, hidden diabetic patients, and improvement in the quality of care for the disease are the first steps to mitigate the increase in prevalence. The Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Korean Diabetes Association revised and updated the '3rd Clinical Practice Guidelines' at the end of 2010. In the guidelines, the committee recommended active screening of high risk individuals for early detection and added the hemoglobin A1c level to the diagnostic criteria for type 2 diabetes based on clinical studies performed in Korea. Furthermore, the committee members emphasized that integrating patient education and self-management is an essential part of care. The drug treatment algorithm based on the degree of hyperglycemia and patient characteristics were also updated. 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X Ma, Y-L Zhang, Q Ji, Y Xing, H Pan, S Chen, J-L Tang, S Zhu European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.2017; 71(7): 812.- CrossRef - Patterns, control and complications of diabetes from a hospital based registry established in a low income country Jaweed Akhter, Asma Ahmed, Minaz Mawani, Laila Lakhani, Ayaz Kalsekar, Shehla Tabassum, Najmul Islam BMC Endocrine Disorders.2017;[Epub]- CrossRef - Analyses of gut microbiota and plasma bile acids enable stratification of patients for antidiabetic treatment Yanyun Gu, Xiaokai Wang, Junhua Li, Yifei Zhang, Huanzi Zhong, Ruixin Liu, Dongya Zhang, Qiang Feng, Xiaoyan Xie, Jie Hong, Huahui Ren, Wei Liu, Jing Ma, Qing Su, Hongmei Zhang, Jialin Yang, Xiaoling Wang, Xinjie Zhao, Weiqiong Gu, Yufang Bi, Yongde Peng, Nature Communications.2017;[Epub]- CrossRef - Antihyperglycemic Agent Therapy for Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 2017: A Position Statement of the Korean Diabetes Association Seung-Hyun Ko, Kyu-Yeon Hur, Sang Youl Rhee, Nan-Hee Kim, Min Kyong Moon, Seok-O Park, Byung-Wan Lee, Hyun Jin Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Jin Hwa Kim Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2017; 41(5): 337.- CrossRef - Regional variations in frequency of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) monitoring in Korea: A multilevel analysis of nationwide data Kyoung-Hun Yoo, Dong-Wook Shin, Mi-Hee Cho, Sang-Hyuck Kim, Hyun-Jung Bahk, Shin-Hye Kim, Su-Min Jeong, Jae-Moon Yun, Jin-Ho Park, Heesun Kim, BeLong Cho Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2017; 131: 61.- CrossRef - Fasting plasma glucose concentrations for specified HbA1c goals in Korean populations: data from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-2, 2011) Sangmo Hong, Jun Goo Kang, Chul Sik Kim, Seong Jin Lee, Chang Beom Lee, Sung-Hee Ihm Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome.2016;[Epub]- CrossRef - Metabolic syndrome independently predicts future diabetes in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus Nam H. 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Jang Medicine.2016; 95(35): e4582.- CrossRef - Feasibility of a Patient-Centered, Smartphone-Based, Diabetes Care System: A Pilot Study Eun Ky Kim, Soo Heon Kwak, Seungsu Baek, Seung Lyeol Lee, Hak Chul Jang, Kyong Soo Park, Young Min Cho Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2016; 40(3): 192.- CrossRef - Effectiveness of Web-Based Interventions for Managing Diabetes in Korea Jee Young Joo CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing.2016; 34(12): 587.- CrossRef - Severe Hypoglycemia and Cardiovascular or All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Seon-Ah Cha, Jae-Seung Yun, Tae-Seok Lim, Seawon Hwang, Eun-Jung Yim, Ki-Ho Song, Ki-Dong Yoo, Yong-Moon Park, Yu-Bae Ahn, Seung-Hyun Ko Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2016; 40(3): 202.- CrossRef - A Potential Issue with Screening Prediabetes or Diabetes Using Serum Glucose: A Delay in Diagnosis Jun Goo Kang, Cheol-Young Park, Sung-Hee Ihm, Sung Woo Park Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2016; 40(5): 414.- CrossRef - Experiences of Diabetes Education among Educators of Diabetes : a content analysis approach Soo Jin Kang, Soo Jung Chang Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2016; 30(2): 221.- CrossRef - Efficient Strategy to Identify Gene-Gene Interactions and Its Application to Type 2 Diabetes Donghe Li, Sungho Won Genomics & Informatics.2016; 14(4): 160.- CrossRef - A patient-centric approach to optimise insulin therapy in Asia Su Yen Goh, Ernesto Ang, Shailendra Bajpai, Chaicharn Deerochanawong, Eun-Gyoung Hong, Zanariah Hussein, Shashank Joshi, Nor Azmi Kamaruddin, Sjoberg Kho, Alice Pik-Shan Kong, Chang Yu Pan, Riccardo Perfetti, Apichati Vichayanrat, Aleksandra Vlajnic, Juli Journal of Diabetes and its Complications.2016; 30(6): 973.- CrossRef - Glycosylated Hemoglobin Threshold for Predicting Diabetes and Prediabetes from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Sangmo Hong, Jun Goo Kang, Chul Sik Kim, Seong Jin Lee, Cheol-Young Park, Chang Beom Lee, Sung-Hee Ihm Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2016; 40(2): 167.- CrossRef - Retrospective Observational Dose-Titration Study of Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Inadequate Glycemic Control on 15 mg of Pioglitazone So Young Ha, Hae Won Jung, Yong Jun Choi, Hyun Kyo Lee, Jong Wook Choi, Ji Hoon Choi, Jung Hyun Noh, Jae Won Hong, Dong-Jun Kim The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2016; 17(1): 51.- CrossRef - Upper-normal waist circumference is a risk marker for metabolic syndrome in normal-weight subjects R. Okada, Y. Yasuda, K. Tsushita, K. Wakai, N. Hamajima, S. 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Schlenk, Sun-Mi Chae The Diabetes Educator.2015; 41(2): 203.- CrossRef - Current Status of Management in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at General Hospitals in South Korea Jin-Hee Jung, Jung-Hwa Lee, Jin-Won Noh, Jeong-Eun Park, Hee-Sook Kim, Joo-Wha Yoo, Bok-Rye Song, Jeong-rim Lee, Myeong-Hee Hong, Hyang-Mi Jang, Young Na, Hyun-Joo Lee, Jeong-Mi Lee, Yang-Gyo Kang, Sun-Young Kim, Kang-Hee Sim Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2015; 39(4): 307.- CrossRef - The number of metabolic syndrome components is a good risk indicator for both early- and late-stage kidney damage R. Okada, Y. Yasuda, K. Tsushita, K. Wakai, N. Hamajima, S. 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Cha, S.‐H. Ihm, S. Lee, M. Kim, B.‐W. Lee International Journal of Clinical Practice.2014; 68(11): 1338.- CrossRef - Higher Prevalence and Awareness, but Lower Control Rate of Hypertension in Patients with Diabetes than General Population: The Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2011 Seung-Hyun Ko, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Dae Jung Kim, Jae Hyeon Kim, Nan Hee Kim, Chul Sik Kim, Kee-Ho Song, Jong Chul Won, Soo Lim, Sung Hee Choi, Kyungdo Han, Yong-Moon Park, Bong-Yun Cha Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2014; 38(1): 51.- CrossRef - Comparison between the Therapeutic Effect of Metformin, Glimepiride and Their Combination as an Add-On Treatment to Insulin Glargine in Uncontrolled Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Cheol-Young Park, Jun Goo Kang, Suk Chon, Junghyun Noh, Seung Joon Oh, Chang Beom Lee, Sung Woo Park, T. 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Permission guidelines
This is a guideline for reviewers who voluntarily participate in peer review process of the journal. All of the journal's contents including commissioned manuscripts are subject to peer-review.
Double-Blind Peer Review
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal(dmj) adopts double-blind review, which means that the reviewers do not know the identity of the authors, and vice versa.
Role of Reviewers
Peer reviewer’s role is to advise editors on individual manuscript to revise, accept, or reject. Judgments should be objective and comments should be lucidly described. Scientific soundness is the most important value of the journal; therefore, logic and statistical analysis should be considered meticulously. The use of reporting guideline is recommended for review. Reviewers should have no conflict of interest. Reviewers should point out relevant published work which is not yet cited. Reviewed articles are managed confidentially. The editor-in-chief is responsible for the final decision to accept or reject a manuscript based on the reviewers' recommendation.
If review comments cannot be submitted within the 14 days of review period, please decline to review or ask for extension of the review period. If there is no review comment within the 7 days from acceptance to review, the reviewer will be given a notice.
Writing Review Comments
After entering the e-submission system with ID and password, please download PDF files and supplementary files. It is not necessary to comment on the style and format, but just concentrate on the scientific soundness and logical interpretation of the results.
Comment to authors: Summarize the whole content of manuscript in one sentence. Please make a specific comment according to the order of each section of the manuscript. Page mark is good to trace the review comment. The reviewer’s recommendation on acceptance should not be stated at the comment to authors. Consider if the peer review opinion may increase the quality of manuscript or further research by author.
Comment to editor: Both the strength and shortness of the manuscript are recommended to be added. The reviewer’s recommendation on acceptance may be added here including special opinion to editor.
Ethical Guideline for Reviewers
1. Any information acquired during the review process is confidential.
1. Please inform the editor on any conflicts of interest as follows:
• Reviewer is a competitor.
• Reviewer may have an antipathy with the author(s).
• Reviewer may profit financially from the work In case of any of the above conflicts of interest, the reviewer should decline to review. If the reviewer still wishes to review, the conflicts of interest should be specifically disclosed. A history of previous collaboration with the authors or any intimate relationship with the authors does not prohibit the review.
1. Reviewer should not use any material or data originated from the manuscript in review; however, it is possible to use open data of the manuscript after publication.
1. AI Use by Peer Reviewers AI tools can produce outdated, nonsensical, biased, or incorrect information. Additionally, manuscripts may contain sensitive or proprietary information that should not be shared outside the peer review process. Therefore, peer reviewers are asked not to upload manuscripts into AI tools. If AI tools are used in any capacity to evaluate a manuscript, reviewers must transparently declare their use in their review reports.
Post-review Work by the Editorial Office
Review opinions and decisions may be analyzed by the editorial office without identifying the reviewer. If it is required, please contact the editorial office. The reviewers may be listed in the editorial for appreciation.